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Unit 6 us history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allies | UK, US, Soviet Union, China, France |
| Axis | primarily Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| FDR | U.S. President, known for his optimism and belief in negotiation, but also critical of imperialism. |
| Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister, a staunch defender of the British Empire, often at odds with FDR's anti-colonial views. |
| Joseph Stalin | Soviet Premier, driven by Communist ideology and territorial expansion, suspicious of his allies. |
| Battle of midway | a decisive naval victory for the United States over Japan during World War II |
| Battle of the bulge | the last major German offensive on the Western Front during World War II, fought from December 16, 1944, to January 25, 1945 |
| Battle of Stalingrad | one of the largest, longest, and bloodiest engagements in history, fought from August 23, 1942, to February 2, 1943 |
| Blitzkrieg | a sophisticated military tactic that used rapid, overwhelming force to deliver a swift, focused blow, creating psychological shock and disorganization in enemy forces |
| The cause of World War Two | a combination of long-term factors and immediate triggers, generally centered around aggressive expansionism by totalitarian regimes and the failure of other nations to stop them |
| D-day | June 6, 1944, invasion of the beaches at Normandy, France, by Allied forces during World War II. Codenamed Operation Overlord |
| Eisenhower | a five-star general who served as the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe during World War II and later became the 34th President of the United States |
| Facism | a far-right, ultranationalist, and authoritarian political ideology. It places the nation, often defined by a shared ethnicity or race, above individual rights and is characterized by dictatorial leadership |
| GI bill | a comprehensive set of U.S. federal laws designed to provide a range of benefits to eligible military veterans, service members, and their families, primarily focused on education, job training, and housing |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The US dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively, during World War II. These bombings remain the only use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict and directly led to Japan's surrender, effectively ending the war |
| The holocaust | the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi German regime and its allies and collaborators between 1933 and 1945. |
| Home front involvement | civilian involvement on the home front was critical to the Allied victory, encompassing nearly every aspect of daily life. This collective effort centered on production, conservation, and voluntary service. |
| Japanese internment | the forced relocation and incarceration of approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans and people of Japanese descent living on the West Coast of the United States during World War II |
| Island hopping | a key military strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific Theater during World War II. It involved selectively capturing less-defended islands that could be used as air and naval bases to move forces closer to Japan's mainland |
| Lend lease act | a U.S. program passed on March 11, 1941, that allowed the United States to provide vast amounts of war supplies to Allied nations deemed "vital to the defense of the United States" |
| Manhattan project | top-secret research and development program, primarily led by the United States with support from the United Kingdom and Canada, that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II |
| Non-aggression pact and Poland | a treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union that directly enabled the invasion and partition of Poland, thus igniting World War II. |
| Nuremberg trials | a series of 13 military tribunals held by the Allied powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union) in Nuremberg, Germany, between 1945 and 1949 |
| Pearl Harbor | a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States Pacific Fleet in Hawaii on December 7, 1941 |
| Reasons for dropping the bomb | to force Japan's unconditional surrender to end the war as quickly as possible and to avoid a costly Allied land invasion of the Japanese mainland. |
| Totalitarian | a form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the absolute authority of the state |
| Treaty of Versailles | the primary peace document signed at the end of World War I, formally ending the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on June 28, 1919, |
| Truman | the 33rd President of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. His presidency is primarily defined by his crucial decisions at the close of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. |
| Zoot suit riots | Mobs of U.S. servicemen and white civilians attacked young Mexican American men who wore the flamboyant "zoot suits," which were seen as unpatriotic during wartime rationing. |
| 38th parallel | the popular name given to the line of latitude 38° North that divides North Korea and South Korea. |
| Berlin airlift | one of the first major international crises of the Cold War and a monumental logistical achievement that successfully supplied the city of West Berlin entirely by air |
| Containment | the strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War Its primary goal was to prevent the spread of communism beyond the borders of the Soviet Union and the countries already under its influence |
| Iron curtain | symbolizes the ideological, political, and physical division that separated Western Europe from the Soviet Union and its satellite states in Eastern Europe during the Cold War |
| Joseph McCarthy | a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin who gave his name to the period of anti-communist paranoia known as McCarthyism in the early 1950s, during the Cold War. |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg- Rosenberg Trials | The case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and their trial is one of the most famous and controversial cases in U.S. history, The married couple were convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage for the Soviet Union and were executed in 1953, |
| Korean War | a conflict that arose from the post-World War II division of the Korean Peninsula and became the first major military confrontation of the Cold War. It is often referred to as the "Forgotten War" in the West |
| Macarthur | an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army who was one of the most prominent, celebrated, and controversial military commanders of the 20th century |
| Marshall plan | officially known as the European Recovery Program (ERP), was a landmark American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide massive financial and technical aid to Western European countries following the devastation of World War II. |
| McCarthyism | the term used to describe a period of intense anti-communist suspicion and political repression in the United States during the early 1950s, a time often referred to as the Second Red Scare. |
| NATO | an intergovernmental military and political alliance founded in 1949. It currently consists of 32 member countries from North America and Europe. |
| Reasons US feared communist | geopolitical threats, and a widespread fear of domestic subversion |
| Satellite countries | a political term used to designate a country that is formally independent and sovereign but is under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control of another, more powerful country. |
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