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CH 8A.2 (healthcare)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skeletal | provide framework to to support muscles, fat, soft tissues, and skin . furnish locations for attachment of skeletal muscles . protect internal organs . store minerals . help in the formation of red and white blood cells |
| muscular | enable locomotion (movement) . give support to the body . produce heat . |
| integumentary | protect from environmental hazards . control temperature . |
| circulatory (cardiovascular and lymphatic) | transport cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases . provide defense against infection and disease . maintain balance . remove waste products . |
| respiratory (pulmonary) | deliver gases to sites where gas exchange occurs |
| digestive (gastrointestinal) | process food and absorb nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water . eliminate undigested food from the body . |
| urinary | eliminate excess water, salts, and waste products |
| sensory (eyes, ears) | collect visual and auditory information ; note that the organs for the other three senses are covered in other systems . smell (olfactory) -- nose, discussed in respiratory . taste (gustatory) -- tongue, discussed in digestive . touch -- skin, discussed i |
| nervous | direct immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organs systems |
| endocrine | direct changes in the activities of other organ systems |
| female reproductive | produce sex cells and hormones necessary for female physical characteristics to develop and for pregnancy , delivery , and breastfeeding to occur |
| male reproductive | produce sex cells and hormones necessary for male physical characteristics to develop and for production of semen for impregnation of female |
| long bones | longer than they are wide (arms: humerus, radius, ulna: legs: femur tibia ; fingers and toes; metacarpals metatarsals and phalanges |
| short bones | similar in length and width (bones of the wrist and ankles which are called carpals and tarsals, respectively) |
| flat bones | two layers with space between them (cranium, ribs, shoulder blade (scapula) , breastbone (sternum) pelvis) |
| irregular bones | those that do not fit into the other categories (spinal column (vertebrae) facial bones, patella) |
| abduction | movement away from the median plane of the body |
| adduction | movement toward the median plane of the body |
| circumduction | movement in a circular direction |
| extension | to straighten (increase the angle between the bones forming a joint) |
| flexion | to bend (decrease the angle between the bones forming a joint |
| pronation | turning the hand so that palms face downward or backward (also refers to lying face down) |
| rotation | motion around a central axis |
| supination | turning the palm or foot upward (also refers to lying face up) |
| scoliosis | lateral (to the side) curvature |
| lordosis | sometimes referred to as "swayback" is an inward curvature of the lumbar area |
| kyphosis | sometimes referred to as "hunchback" is rounded bowing of the thoracic area |
| simple | broken bone where the bone remains completely under the skin, meaning the skin surface is intact and not pierced by the bone |
| compound (open) | a severe break where the fractured bone pierces the skin, creating an open wound that exposes the bone to the outside |
| incomplete (greenstick) | a severe break where the fractured bone pierces the skin, creating an open wound that exposes the bone to the outside |
| comminuted | a severe break where the bone shatters into three or more pieces, often due to high-impact trauma like car accidents or falls, requiring surgery (like plates, screws, rods) and extensive healing time, sometimes up to a year, to realign the fragments |
| spiral (caused by a twisting motion) | a break in a bone caused by a forceful twisting or rotational motion, creating a fracture line that wraps around the bone like a corkscrew |
| parotid gland salivary | produces saliva |
| pharynx | throat |
| esophagus | transports the food from the mouth to the stomach |
| diaphragm | separates the chest and the abdomen |
| liver | produces bile |
| stomach | stores food and breaks it down |
| gallbladder | stores bile |
| pancreas | breaks down fast, produces enzymes located behind the stomach |
| small intestine | digestive food and absorb nutrients located and moves waste |
| large intestine | the final part of the digestive tract |
| appendix | supports the immune system by housing lymphoid tissue |
| rectum | temporarily stores feces from the large intestine |
| anus | controlled expulsion of solid wastes (feces) |
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