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Nat Hazards Final

Final Exam

QuestionAnswer
cost benefit analysis systematic process of evaluating the desirability of a decision by weighing its potential benefits and costs.
property tax surcharge pay a little bit higher property taxes because it falls on the public to reduce risks like clearing forests to prevent wildfires, town planning services to people for free.
sales tax A small county adds onto sales tax so they can implement protection and mitigation EX: A county with high wildfire risks can add on a bit extra to pay for mitigation.
Defensible space Homeowners designing their property to reduce the risk of their property burning down.
Wildland fire management program Federal government assists state and local fire management, fuel management, mitigation, and recovery.
Flash flood warning system type 1 Rain gauges, stream gauges, pressure transducer (measures water pressure as water rises), radars. Automated and manual systems: automated like above or manual like people actively reporting and visually confirm if and where flooding is happening.
Flash flood warning system type 2 Simulated model, FLASH, developed by NOAA, produced a forecast of flash flooding using satellite data of rainfall patterns, one system across the U.S. not as precise as type 1, but is available to everyone and cheaper.
USGS Largest stream gauge network
Earthquake Insurance Private market, high deductive (10% of damage paid yourself), owned by 25% of households. There is no federal help for earthquake insurance like flooding, very geographically limited so not as many people paying into this risk.
CA - Earthquake mapping mandatory study is triggered for new zones being built in regions with these risks.
liquefaction loose saturated soil and behaves like a liquid during an earthquake.
Special flood hazard area In the 100 year flood plain, this means you require flood insurance. This is bad for municipalities not covered by FEMA flood insurance.
Letter of map amendments FEMA determines your house actually isn't in the special flood hazard area. People request this so they don't have to pay high flood insurance. The maps don't take into account recent climate change data which usually results in higher risk.
Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Identify areas of high risk of flooding and used to determine which properties need to be on the insurance plan (in the 100 year flood plain).
22,600 Municipalities partner with FEMA for flood protection. Help can be suspended from this program if FEMA says you are not meeting their requirements (reducing flood risk), FEMA will not assist these places.
National flood insurance act 1968 How we deal with floods more today. Voluntary to mandatory program bc not enough joined this. National program that the local government must follow so it connects the two managed by FEMA.
Flood Control Act 1936 Corps of Engineers was assigned primary responsibility of flood management and dam building. Soil erosion was caused by farming farming practices. They had a more technological fix that we have moved away from.
Floodplain Management Technological fixes was the govt's response, so things like infrastructure projects EX: flood walls, dams. Didn't always 100% work, so mitigation and preparedness have been implemented as well. Sometimes infrastructure can backfire like levees.
No fault victims Out of luck people die or are affected negatively. People argue these people are more deserving of aid than voluntary risks taken (they knew the risks but still took them, like someone building on a floodplain).
From disaster relief to mitigation/prevention/preparedness Early was focused on relief after the events happened while over time we have moved from a response to being prepared before from reactive to proactive. Immediate goals and strategic long term goals to reduce vulnerability and improve resiliance.
Shared government conflicting goals Local constituants control local government while FEMA doesn't care what constituants think.
Created by: user-1870303
 

 



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