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anatomy skeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compact vs spongy bone: | spongy: inside of long bones, has marrow, less dense compact: outside of long bones, more dense |
| lacunae: | cave |
| lamellae: | ring/layer |
| haversian canal: | vertical w/ blood |
| volkman's canal: | horizontal w/ blood, connects 1 osteon to another |
| red marrow vs yellow marrow: | red: produces blood cells yellow: stores lipids |
| osteocytes: | bone cells in lacunae |
| osteoblasts: | builders |
| osteoclasts: | breakers |
| ossification: | "make bone" |
| longitudinal vs appositional growth: | longitudinal: gets bigger from top to bottom (like when you are growing from a babeh) appositional: bone WIDENING, osteoblasts build on periosteum while osteoclasts expand marrow cavity caused by factors like exercise, weight, hormones, nutrition |
| what does PTH do? | if blood calcium levels are LOW, then PTH are releases, which activates osteoclasts |
| what does calcitonin do? | if blood calcium levels are HIGH, then calcitonin stops osteoclasts |
| long bones: | are long duh |
| flat bones: | curved and thin, protects organs |
| short bones: | cube like |
| irregular bones: | look weird |
| fibrous joint: | -fibrous tissue -NO movement - ex: suture of skull |
| cartilaginous joint: | -cartilage -amphiarthrotic: slight movement -ex: vertebrae, pubic symphysis |
| synovial joint: | -fliud filled cavity -diathrotic/a lot of movement -ex: most joints in the appendicular skeleton |
| gliding plane joint: | -synovial -2 flat surfaces glide over each other -ex: between vertebrae, clavicle, carpal bones of wrist |
| hinge joint: | -synovial -extential/flection -ex: elbow, knee, finger joints |
| pivot joint: | -synovial -rotating around an axis -ex: axis and altas, proximal end of radius and ulna |
| ball and socket joint: | -synovial -ALL ranges of movement -ex: shoulder, hip |
| condyloid/ellipsoid joint: | -synovial -oval bone into a shaped hallow -movement in 2 planes (front and back + side to side) -like the ball and socket but W/O rotation -ex: wrist, knuckles |
| saddle joint: | -synovial -front and back motion -ex: joints between the metacarpal and phalange of thumb |
| complete fracture: | 1 bone --> 2 |
| incomplete fracture: | 1 bone --> still 1 bone |
| simple/closed fracture: | bone breaks but is still in the skin |
| compound/open fracture: | bone breaks and is through the skin |
| greenstick fracture: | -incomplete fracture -bend in bone causes small cracks along the outside |
| spiral fracture: | -complete fracture -twisting forces, typically from sports |
| comminuted fracture: | -complete fracture -many fragments/pieces from brittle bones |
| transverse fracture: | -break is straight across -sharp/direct |
| compression fracture: | -crushed bone -common in vertebrae -common w/ osteoporosis |
| impacted fracture: | -bone ends are forced into each other -can be caused by falls |
| depressed fracture: | type of skull break where piece of the skull is pushed inward |
| steps of bone healing after fracture: | 1: bruise forms 2: break is "splinted" by cartilage callus 3: spongy bone replaces cartilage callus 4: bone remodels |
| osteoporosis: | overactive osteoclasts (bone breaking) that causes low bone density and other complications |
| rickets: | lack of calcium or vitamin D (both essential for your bones), so bones don't harden --> creates curve in legs |
Created by:
acuda25