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Final Exam
Behavioral Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality disorder | Long standing patterns of behavior, usually start in childhood but are difficult to specify |
| Cluster A | Odd or eccentric cluster |
| Cluster B | Dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster |
| Cluster C | Fearful or anxious cluster |
| Paranoid personality disorder | Pervasive and unjustified mistrust and suspicion; a part of cluster A |
| Schizoid personality disorder | Pervasive pattern of detachment from relationships usually with a limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations; a part of cluster A |
| Antisocial personality disorder | Failure to comply with social norms, lack of conscience, empathy and remorse, a part of Cluster B |
| Borderline personality disorder (BPD) | Unstable moods and relationships, impulsivity, fear of abandonment, and very poor self-image; a part of cluster B |
| Histrionic personality disorder | Overly dramatic, sensational, and sexually provocative, often impulsive and need to be center of attention, apart of cluster B |
| Narcissistic personality disorder | Exaggerated and unreasonable sense of self- importance, heavy preoccupation with receiving attention, lack of sensitivity and compassion for others, A part of cluster B |
| Avoidant personality disorder | Extreme sensitivity to the opinions of others, highly avoidant of most interpersonal relationships, low self- esteem, a part of cluster C |
| Dependent personality disorder | Reliant on others to make major or minor life decision, unreasonable fear of abandonment, clingy and submissive in interpersonal relationships, a part of cluster C |
| Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) | Excessive, rigid fixation on doing things the right way, perfectionist, emotionally shallow, a part of cluster C |
| Psychosis | A mental state which a person loses contact with reality, it often involves delusions or hallucinations |
| Schizophrenia | Chronic mental disorder involving disturbances in thought and behavior lasting a minimum of 6 months |
| Positive symptoms | Symptoms that add abnormal experiences or behaviors usually exaggerating normal functioning |
| Paranoia | An irrational and persistent feeling that people are “out to get you” or constantly plotting against you |
| Delusions | Strongly held false beliefs that are not based on reality |
| Hallucination | A false sensory perception without an external reason |
| Negative symptoms | Symptoms that remove normal behaviors or emotions causing reductions in normal functioning |
| Disorganized symptoms | Disruptions in thought, speech, or behavior that make communication or actions more difficult |
| Schizophreniform disorder | A minor form of schizophrenia, usually lasts up to 6 months and doesn’t cause full impairment |
| Brief psychotic disorder | Short term psychotic episode, lasts less than a month and is triggered by stress of trauma |
| Schizoaffective disorder | a condition with both depressive and manic symptoms |
| Delusional disorder | The presence of one or more delusions within a month but without the other major symptoms of schizophrenia |
| Catatonia | Abnormal movement or behavior involving immobility or excessive motor activity |
| Delirium | Impaired consciousness and cognition Develops rapidly over several hours or days |
| Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia) | Gradual deterioration of brain functioning Deterioration in judgment and memory Deterioration in advanced cognitive processes Has many causes and may be irreversible |
| Mild neurocognitive disorder | Decline in cognitive function that does not interfere with daily independence but requires much more effort to complete tasks |
| Agnosia | failure to recognize objects |
| Facial agnosia | Failure to recognize faces no matter how many times you have met |
| Alzheimer’s disease | Typically develop gradually and steadily Memory, orientation, judgment, and reasoning deficits Additional symptoms may include Agitation, confusion, or combativeness Depression and/or anxiety |
| Vascular neurocognitive disorder | Caused by blockage or damage to blood vessels Second leading cause of neurocognitive disorder after Alzheimer’s disease Patterns of impairment are variable Most require formal care in later stages |
| Head trauma | Massive/concerning injury to the head, most common symptom is memory loss |
| Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder | A disorder involving progressive damage to the frontal lobe and temporal lobes of the brain, leads to personality, behavior, or language changes |
| Pick’s disease | Rare neurological condition – Produces a cortical dementia like Alzheimer’s |
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) | Brain dysfunction caused by an external force resulting in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral symptoms |
| Parkinson’s disease | degenerative brain disorder – Affects about one out of 1,000 people worldwide – Motor problems – central feature of this disorder |
| Aphasia | difficulty with language |
| Huntington’s disease | Genetic autosomal dominant disorder |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | Diagnosed first in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Some symptoms include ADHD, learning disorder, Autism, Intellectual disability, and communication/motor disorders |
| Tourette’s disorder | Involuntary motor movements and/or vocalizations which may include some obscenities |
| Attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | Contains central features like inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity |
| Specific learning disorder | Impairments in reading like slow rate or fluency or poor reading comprehension. Impairments with written expression includes Grammer, punctuation, accuracy, and organization. Impairment in math |
| Language disorder | Someone who experiences limited speech in all situations despite completely understanding the speech |
| Rett syndrome | Apart of Autism spectrum disorder, it affects the way the brain develops usually causing a progressive inability to use eye muscles, body movement, and language |
| Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | Two main areas of impairment, communication and repetitive patterns. Occurs worldwide. Encompasses several disorders previously classified as “pervasive developmental disorders” |
| Intellectual disability (ID) | Below average intellect and adaptive functioning, first evident in childhood, range of impairment varies greatly |
| Down syndrome | Genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome leading to developmental delays mentally and physically |
| Civil commitment | A legal process where a person with a mental disorder can receive treatment in a hospital or mental facility usually because they are a danger to themselves or others |
| Mental illness | A diagnosed disorder that significantly affects someone’s thinking and actions |
| Insanity defense | A legal defense that argues the defense is unfit or too mentally unstable to stand trial for their actions due to their impaired judgment of right and wrong |
| Therapeutic jurisprudence | Law practice as a therapeutic agent, focusing on how laws and legal processes affect the physiological well- being of others |
| Duty to warn | Legal obligation for mental health professionals to warn a potential victim if the patient is a serious threat to them |
| Criminal Commitment | Process of placing a person with a mental illness in a secure psychotic facility after they’ve been convicted of a crime |
| M’Naghten Rule | Legal standard for insanity stating a person is not responsible for a crime if they did not understand the nature of their act at the time or did not know it was wrong |
| Durham Rule | Legal test for insanity to figure out if the defendant could be held criminally responsible for their acts |
| American Law Institute | Legal standard combining cognitive and volition tests to find if a person is responsible for their act or the mental illness |
| Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California | Court case that established that mental health professionals have a duty to protect the people being threatened by the patient/defendant |
| Patient’s Right Regarding Treatment | Legal protections that ensure patients receive informed consent, fair treatment, and the right to refuse or request treatment |
| Research Participant Righs | Ethical and legal eights that ensure participants in research are informed of procedures and symptoms and must give their consent to participate |
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