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AP Psych - Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Recall | Able to access info without retrieval cue |
| Recognition | identifying options, info, without learning it again. 1) Encoding 2) Storing 3) Retrieving memory receive info from senses, organized/altered as it's stored, then retrieved later |
| Encoding | Getting info into brain |
| Storage | creation of permanent record of encoded info |
| Retrieval | Getting info back out |
| Retrieval failure | failure to recall memory, missing stimulus |
| Multi Step Model | Sensory Memory, Short Term memory, Long Term Memory |
| Sensory Memory | Stage 1, 1 second, 2 Types (Iconic and Echoic) |
| Iconic Memory | Type of sensory memory, input to visual system Capacity: everything in visual field Duration: 1/4 sec |
| Echoic Memory | Type of sensory memory, input to auditory system Capacity: large amount, only during conversation Duration: 2-4 seconds |
| Short Term Memory | Stage 2, the info we are currently aware of or thinking about, holds a few items briefly, 12-30 seconds, susceptible to interference |
| Selective Attention | used to move STM into long term or forgotten |
| Maintenance rehearsal | repetition, repeat to put into LTM, memorization |
| Elaborative rehearsal | give meaning |
| Baddeley's Working Memory | system that allows to temp. retain and MANIPULATE stored info involved in a complex pattern. (ex. mental math, remembering verbal directions) |
| Central Executive | Control center for working memory (planning, problem solving, decision making) |
| Phonological Loop | part of working memory responsible for processing and storing verbal/auditory info - Temp holds for a few sec - Rehearses/refreshes info in the phonological store through repetition |
| Visuospatial Sketchpad | visual+spacial info, allows for temporary storage and manipulation of images and spacial relationships, enables tasks like navigation |
| Long Term Memory | Stage 3, stage where info is stored indefinitely w/ virtually unlimited capacity, allows for long term retention of knowledge, skills, experiences, and facts |
| Long Term Potentiation | strengthening of a synaptic connection that happens when the synapses of one neuron fire repeatedly + excites another neuron (in HIPPOCAMPUS) |
| Neurogenesis | formation of new neurons (response to exercise, low stress environment) |
| Automatic Processing | we process lots of info when you don't think about it |
| Effortful Processing | processing that requires attention and conscious effort |
| Parallel Processing | process multiple things at once |
| Autobiographical Memory | your life story |
| Episodic Memory | personal experience w/ specific contexts and emotions |
| Sematic Memory | general personal info and knowledge that defines the self |
| Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory | may indicate that there are biological processes for superior memory storage |
Created by:
elladunmire