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intro env res sci
Trent ERSC 1010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 "I"s of understanding an issue | ideas (values), interests (actors), institutions (tools), instruments (policies) |
| 7 themes to view an issue | science, technology, scale/jurisdiction, governance, values/ideas, interests/politics, risk/uncertainty |
| biomonitor vs bioindicator | quantitative: concentrations can be measured from these ie honey, spiderwebs, moss vs qualitative: -/+ reveals quality of env ie E. coli fecal indicator OR bats salamanders otters due to low tolerance--eagle eggshells as an indicator of DDT contamination |
| pathology of resource management | the more we try to control a resource for harvesting, the more ecosystem services are reduced due to loss of diversity (entropy); resilient systems have biodiversity and overlapping niches--approaches require adaptivity and acknowledgement of uncertainty |
| Grassy Narrows | Dryden Mill dumped mercury into river, poisoning fish and associated First Nations peoples. Demonstrates environmental injustice and importance of industrial accountability |
| Deepwater Horizon | An offshore drilling rig exploded, killing 11 workers and dumping the largest spill in history. Revealed systematic failures in regulations, safety culture, and preparedness |
| Great Smog of London | 1952 inversion caused coal smoke to be trapped over city, demonstrated the importance of air pollution as a public health issue |
| Three Mile Island | 1979 partial nuclear plant meltdown highlighted the importance of operator training and crisis communication/protocol |
| Hurricane Katrina | 2005 category 5 cyclone killed and displaced thousands, showing racial and class inequalities, the weakened coastal ecosystems, and the lack of care in the levees |
| Exxon Valdez | 1989 oil tanker went off course and hit land, spilling crude oil. Promoted adoption of double-hulled tankers and demonstrated how oil spills persist in marine environments |
| Bhopal Disaster | 1984 a pesticide plant in India leaked methyl isocyanate gas, killing dozens of thousands. Became a symbol of corporate neglect and weak safety standards, emphasizing international regulations for chemical safety and industrial accountability |
| Death of Lake Erie | 1960s mass eutrophication caused by industrial and ag runoff, damaged fish pop. Led to international cooperation on pollution regulations and demonstrated fragility of freshwater systems that seem large |
| Kyoto Protocol | 1997 first international treaty to reduce GHG emissions, demonstrated the limits in intl agreements (enforcement and equity) |
| Montreal Protocol | 1987 The UN agreement to phase out CFCs and other Ozone Depleting Substances to protect the ozone layer. Demonstrated intl cooperation leads to success |
| Temagami blockades | 1989 indg and env activists arrested protested logging of old-growth forests. Resulted in rights acknowledgements, demonstrating the power of direct action |
| Walkerton water crisis | 2000 E. coli got into ground well which contaminated town water and killed 7. Led to water policy reforms in Ontario and demonstrated the importance of accountability, traceability, and communication |
| Rachel Carson's Silent Spring | 1962 Revealed the harms of pesticide overuse and sparked environmental science and biology as legitimate disciplines, despite her poor health and constant attacks on her intellect and character |
| Cuyahoga River Fire | 1969 a Cleveland river was contaminated with oil which then caught on fire. Led to US policy reforms including clean water act and formation of US Env Protection Agency |
| James Bay Hydroelectric Project | 1970s-80s building of dams flooded Cree lands without consulting them. Sparked indg resistance and broader awareness of social costs of env issues |
| How do we end up with the cities that we have? | expectations/values, ecological and historical context, transit and density -> urban sprawl |
| What are barriers to having trees in cities? | space: in the way of lines sewer sidewalks; maintenance: costs of planting, trimming; values: public and private actors may not agree ie type of tree (leaves or fruit may be seen as nuisance) |
| How does a temperature inversion relate to air pollution? | when combined with poor air quality conditions and the right topography, temperature inversions can cause detrimental smog events (of London, of India after Diwali) by cold air in upper and lower layers trapping warm air in the middle |
| What's the difference between primary and secondary air pollutants? | 1 are chemicals that qualify as contaminants directly upon release, 2 are chemicals that must undergo reaction (solar) before qualifying as a contaminant |
| Basic laws (1st, 2nd) of thermodynamics and how it applies to ecosystems | 1 energy is not created or destroyed, 2 quality of energy degrades over time due to entropy: energy passing thru loses efficiency thru trophic levels, but really goes to respiration and decomposers |
| Why is suburbian living more expensive? | Because everything is farther apart--pipes, maintenance, transit all has to travel farther. Despite this, people enjoy it due to expectations: the illusion of safety and small-town living |
| What are benefits to having trees in cities? | Improve mental health and air quality, reduce temperature therefore AC costs, increases value of land, protects soil and sewer system from flooding, increases biodiversity due to habitat |
| Law of induced demand | "if you build it, they will come:" infrastructure (roads, pipelines) will be filled once built--building it creates the demand for it |
| Why is James "Jim" Bruce important to Trent, Canada, and the world? | He is the current president of Trent's father; he's a hydrologist and climatologist; he's a policymaker that influenced the creation of the Montreal Protocol |
| Quick history of Peterborough-Nogojiwanong | Historically, Anishnaabeg land (Odenabe river) -> 1632 Sam de Champlain -> 1818 Rice Lake Purchase -> 1825 Peter Robinson & Irish immigrants -> Nassau Sawmills -> Trent-Severn Waterway -> Canadian General Electric -> TrentU |
| How can TrentU/PTBO be more sustainable? | Better bike infrastructure, more dense housing, Trent residences need better waste sorting enforcement, Trent needs to be transparent about where improvements are needed despite wanting sustainability reputation |
Created by:
camiebio