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Soc Unit 3
Chapter 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Politics | power relations among people or other social actors, be it at a governmental level, an interpersonal level, or any level in between |
| Authority | the justifiable right, not just the ability, to exercise power. Rules have authority if they can persuade their subordinates that their claim to power is valid |
| Charismatic authority | Authority that rests on the personal appeal of an individual leader. Difficult to maintain or pass on. People who are natural leaders who inspire loyalty and obedience. |
| traditional authority | authority that rests on or appeals to the past or traditions. Dominates by virtue of age-old rulers and power. Does not suffer from problems of succession and not adaptable |
| legal-rational authority | authority based on legal, impersonal rules; the rules rule. Most pervasive in modern society |
| routinization | clear, rule-governed, procedures used repeatedly for decision making |
| Bureaucracy | legal-rational organization or mode of administration that governs with reference to formal rules and roles and emphasizes merit-based advancement |
| Characteristics of a Bureaucracy | seeks to maintain routine tasks efficient and to provide order in a disorderedly world, structured hierarchy, application of formal rules without regard to personal allegiances or feelings, human personality has no importance in this role. |
| specialization | the process of breaking up work into specific, delimted tasks |
| taylorism | methods of labor management introduced by Fredrick Taylor to streamline the processes of mass production in which each workers repeatedly performs on specific. Division of labor |
| meritocracy | society where status and mobility are based on individual attributes, ability, and achievement |
| Milgram experiment | an experiment divided in 1961 by Stanley Milgram to see how far ordinary people would go to obey an authority figure. They would shock people at higher and higher voltages when they got questions wrong |
| power | the ability to carry out one's own will despite resistance |
| domination | the probability that a command with a given specific content will be obeyed by a given group of persons |
| domination by economic power | refers to control by virtue of a constellation of interests or by virtue of a position of monopoly |
| domination by authority | refers to a situation in which the will of the ruler influences the conduct of the ruled so they act as if the rules will, were also their own. Willing obedience of the ruled to commands of legitmate authority |
| state | human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory |
| coercion | use of force to get others to do what you want |
| paradox of authority | although the states authority derives from the implicit threat of physical force, resorting to physical coercion strips the state of all legitimate authority |
| international state system | a system in which each state is recognized as territorially sovereign by fellow states. Borders gotta be respected |
| welfare state | a system in which the state is responsible for the well-being of its citizens. States adopt when they benefit satisfying the social needs created by industrialization. |
| Benefits of welfare state | once community has surplus, it can afford to insure. Helps maintain democratic and capitalistic society. They are mediators of class conflict |
| citizenship rights | the rights guaranteed to each law-abiding citizen in a nation-state |
| civil rights | guarantee personal freedom from state interference, like freedom of speech |
| political rights | guarantee a citizens rights to participate in politics |
| social rights | guarantee a citizens protection by the state, including protection from the free market in the areas of housing, employment, and education |
| 1st dimension of power | visible when different agendas clash, conflict results, and one side prevails |
| 2nd dimension of power | occurs when the power is so formidable that no conflict results from competing interests because one side is convinced its losing battle. You knew the result but still complied even if you didn't want to |
| 3rd dimension of power | refers to the power not only to preserve despite the overt or veiled resistance but also to prevent such conflict from arising in the first place. Manipulation at its finest |
| Hard power | use of military or economic force to influence behavior in international politics |
| soft power | power attained through the use of cultural attractiveness rather than the threat of coercive action |
| Hobbes | believed that an absence of an authority figure would be very violent. Natural state of humanity is not peaceful, rather everyone wants to seek better for themselves at the expense of others |
| Locke | said that individuals lived in a happy, conflict-free state of nature as equals. Said that sovereign states emerged because individuals needed help adjudicating discord like conflicts over personal property. Matter of money |
| Democracy | a system of government wherein power theoretically lies with the people and therefore citizens can vote in elections, speak freely, and particpate as legal equals in social life |
| dictatorship | a form of government that restricts the right to political participation to a small group or even a single individual |
| game theory | study of the decisions actors make in uncertain situations where their success depends on the actions of others. People promise things in crisis then forget all about it later |
| political party | organization that seeks to gain power in a government, generally by backing candidates for office who subscribe to the organizations ideals |
| interest group | an organization that seeks to gain power in government without campaigning for direct election or being appointed to office |
| political participation | any activity that has the intent or effect of influencing government action |
| political orientation | strength of an individuals political commitments |
| resources | include money to donate to parties or causes as well as civic skills such as leadership, communications, and organizational abilites |
| mobilization efforts | mass mailing, phone class, door-to-door canvassing to encourage eligible citizens to vote or get involved |
Created by:
omckenna52