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Final for PS
Physical Science Final (-------= fill in the blank)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of these are NOT a process in which water changes state? | Exaggeration |
| Sublimation and deposition are a less common phenomenon that water can go through to change its state. What best describes both processes respectively (Sublimation, Deposition) | Solid water becomes water vapor; Water vapor becomes solid |
| Any parcel of air consists of certain components, which of these are NOT a component? | Tungsten |
| Humidity is a measure of how much water vapor is present in a parcel of air and is measured in two ways. Theses ways are.... | Absolute & Relative |
| Absolute humidity offers a numerical value of what type? | The actual amount of water vapor in a given parcel of air |
| What is the formula that represents Relative Humidity? | Relative Humidity%= 100x Absolute Humidity (g)/Capacity (kg) |
| At a ------- temperature air parcels can absorb more vapor than a ------- temperature. | Warmer; Colder |
| Which of these describes the relationship between Relative Humidity (RH) provided that Absolute Humidity (AH) increases while capacity and temperature remain unchanged? | As AH increases; RH increases |
| How does an increase in capacity affect RH? | As capacity increases; RH decreases |
| What occurs when RH is equal to 100% | Parcels of air will not absorb any more water as it is totally saturated |
| Atmosphere changes in two ways, either by adding water vapor or removing it. What processes are responsible for this? | Condensation; Evaporation |
| Dew point is the temperature for water to begin condensing, if the temperature is below the dew point, dew forms. What is the relationship between absolute humidity and capacity that makes dew? | Absolute Humidity > Capacity |
| When frost forms the dew point temperature is exceeded and is below freezing, instead of condensing what happens instead? | Deposition |
| Adiabatic temperature change is best defined as ... | A change in temperature as it relates to a change in pressure |
| Convective lifting is when ... | Heated air begins to rise from the earth's surface through the atmosphere |
| Orographic lifting is responsible for ... | Air rising, gradually cooling off as it ascends; the formation of clouds; the dispersal of clouds at mountain ranges; the dryness of Nevada and the Sierra |
| Frontal Lifting occurs when a relatively ------- air mass encounters a relatively ------- air mass. Since ------- air is more dense it pushes the ------- air upwards. | Warmer; Colder; Colder; Warmer |
| What are clouds classified by? | Height of formation & Appearance |
| What altitude would you expect cirrus clouds to form in? | Over 6000m (high) |
| In regard to shape, cumulus clouds are too globular as stratus clouds is to ... | Sheets |
| What is the device used to measure air pressure? | Barometer |
| What are the two basic types of barometers? | Aneroid & Mercury |
| Wind is controlled by three primary forces such as ... | Pressure Gradient Force, Coriolis Effect, Friction |
| According to mercury and aneroid barometers, what is the standard air pressure at sea level? | 29.92 in. of mercury; 1013 millibars |
| Wind flows much like water ... | from places of high pressure to lower pressure |
| Wind is best defined as the difference in air pressure between two areas. The driving factor of wind much like the weather system of the earth is due to ------- radiation. | Solar |
| What is the ONLY factor that CREATES wind? | Pressure Gradient Force |
| Magnitude as it pertains to wind refers to what metric? | The spacing between two isobars |
| What is the direction in which the wind flows due to the Coriolis effect? | 90 degrees |
| What modifies the movement of wind, yet does NOT create the movement? | Coriolis effect & Friction |
| The Coriolis Effect states that free moving objects above the earth are deflected to the ------- in the northern hemisphere and to the ------- in the southern hemisphere. | Right; left |
| Which of the following is true about the Coriolis Effect? | It does not change wind speed; the faster the wind travels the greater the deflection; it affects wind direction; it is the strongest at the poles and weakest at the equator |
| Friction is only important within ------- meters of the earth's surface, above the ------- and ------- work to direct air flow. | 700; Coriolis Effect; Pressure Gradient Force |
| Geostrophic winds (winds at the altitude above 700 m) the wind will flow ------- to the isobars. | Parallel |
| Cyclones spin -------, the air converges in a -------- pressure system, and cause ------- weather. | Counterclockwise; low; rainy/cloudy |
| Anticyclones spin -------, the air diverges at the surface from a ------- pressure system, and cause ------- weather. | Clockwise; high; clear |
| Westerlies are an important band of winds for the United States because? | This moves the weather systems from west to east; most of the weather the Eastern U.S. experience is from a western or southwestern direction |
| What does the "T" stand for in air mass classification? (temperature) | Tropical (relatively warm) |
| What does the "P" stand for in air mass classification? (temperature) | Polar (relatively cool) |
| What does the "m" stand for in air mass classification? (moisture) | Marine (relatively moist) |
| What does the "c" stand for in air mass classification? (moisture) | Continental (relatively dry) |
| What two characteristics are used to classify air mass classification? | Temperature and moisture |
| What do the two letters in an air mass symbol represent ? | First letter= moisture (m or c) Second letter= temperature (T or P) |
| What type of air mass is "cP"? | Continental Polar (cool and dry) |
| What type of air mass is "mT"? | Marine Tropical (warm and moist) |
| Which type of air mass would likely form over oceans? | Marine (m) |
| Which type of air mass would likely form over land? | Continental (c) |
| What are the four primary types of fronts? | Cold, warm, stationery, and occluded |
| Cumulonimbus clouds tend to form on ------- fronts, and produce heavy rain over a small area and are identified by lines with triangles on it? | Cold |
| In early stages of ------- fronts they produce cirrus clouds, as it continues to approach a cold front alto and nimbostratus clouds form producing ------- precipitation over a wide area. | Warm; moderate |
| In a thunderstorm, for lightning to occur the charge imbalance between the earth's surface and the bottom of the cloud ... | must be large enough |
| The phenomenon of thunder is best described as? | The rapid heating of the air to 50,000 degrees and forcing the air to expand outward forming sound waves |
| Tornado severity is based on what scale? | Fujita |
| How intense is a F5 tornado in terms of damage on the Fujita scale? | Incredible |
| Most tornados form in the Mid-Western United States. Why? | There is a great difference in air temperature as the two air masses meet for the first time; The larger the difference in air temperature, The larger the difference in air pressure; the greater difference in air pressure, The faster the winds blow |
| Hurricanes start as tropical -------, then -------, and eventually develop into a hurricane when it reaches a sustained speed of ------- mph. | Depression; Storm; 75 |
| What are three things that diminish hurricanes? | When they move overland masses; come into contact with bodies of cooler water; simply cannot maintain the circulation of air |
| What measures the scale of a hurricane? | Saffir-Simpson Scale |
| The eye of the hurricane is the ------- location, whereas the eyewall is the most -------. | Calmest; dangerous |
| What is the system that we use to classify climates? | Koppen Climate Classification System |
| According to Koppen's classifications each climatic zone is denotated by a ------- letter, while detailed subclasses are denoted with a ------- letter. | Capital; lowercase |
| What factors affect climate? | Human activity; ocean currents; proximity to the equator; topography; prevailing winds; continentality |
| Which of the following are not symbols used for major zones? | F |
| Cs refers to which climate classification | Dry Summer Tropic |
| Cfa Humid Subtropical between 25 degrees North and 40 degrees South latitudes is located where? | New Jersey; Southeastern North America |
| Tropical climates are only found in which conditions? | 5-10 degrees North and South latitude 1,000 elevation |
| What climate zone is found in Canada and Russia? | D: Humid Polar |
| What type of cloud is associated with storms? | Cumulonimbus |
| Low pressure areas are associated with what type of condition? | Overcast sky's, low precipitation |
| The Koppen Climate Classification System is based off of what types of distribution? | Vegetation |
| Much of the United States situated within what zone of prevailing winds? | Westerlies |
| When the temperature of an air parcel has passed 100% relative humidity what takes place? | Condensation (reaches capacity and can't hold any more water) |
| An air mass originated over the Gulf of Mexico? | mT (changes based off of the seasons) |
| An air mass forced to rise over a mountain is called what? | Orographic Lifting |
| What phase change occurs when water vapor turns into liquid water? | Condensation |
| What phase change occurs when liquid water turns into water vapor? | Evaporation |
| What phase change occurs when liquid water turns into solid water? | Freezing |
| What phase change occurs when solid water turns into liquid water? | Melting |
| What phase change occurs when solid water turns into water vapor? | Sublimination |
| What phase change occurs when water vapor turns into solid water? | Deposition |
| What is an isobar? | Lines that connect areas of equal air pressure |
| How is wind depicted? | Moving exactly perpendicular to the isobars |
| The Coriolis effect affects what? | Wind direction |
| Geostrophic winds are faster than ... | Surface winds |
| The jet stream does NOT create weather rather it ... | "guides" weather patterns around the globe |
| The downward movement of air in the atmosphere occurs at about ------- forming the -------. | 30 latitudes; subtropical high |
| The subtropical high causes very dry conditions that lead to major deserts in ------- -------, ------- -------, and ------- ------- | Northern Africa; Central Australia; Arabian Peninsula |
| Air from the Subtropical High is turned to the right by the ------- --------, forming the ------- | Coriolis effect; westerlies |
| The westerlies are found between ------- degrees and ------- degrees latitude and blow from ------- to ------- | 30 and 60; southwest and northeast |
| As the temperature decreases the capacity does what? (related to relative humidity) | Decreases |
| When the adiabatic temperature changes the temperature ------- the same and heat doesn't get ------- or -------. | stays; lost gained |
| What is the term when two air masses collide? When the two air masses collide, they ------- each other -------. | Convergence force; upward |
| What characteristics describe cirrus clouds and what might they indicate about upcoming weather? | High altitude, thin, veil-like, wispy, blue in the high sky, don't produce precipitation, and can signal bad weather approaching |
| What are the main characteristics of stratus clouds and how do they appear in the sky? | Low to mid altitude, thick clouds that cover much of the sky, blanket-like, some precipitation, blur the sky |
| Cumulus clouds form at ------- to ------- altitudes, look -------, -------, and -------, bring ------- weather. | Low; mid; puffy; globular; pillow-like; fair |
| Cumulonimbus clouds are clouds of ------- development, become ------- tall, are known as ------- clouds, and often form during the ------- summer heat and bring ------- weather. | Vertical; extremely; storm; intense; severe |
| What does a warm front look like on a weather map? | Red line with red half circles |
| What does a cold front look like on a weather map? | Blue line with triangles |
| What does a stationary front look like on a weather map? | A blue upside-down triangle with a red half circle in the middle and then another blue upside-down triangle |
| What does an occluded front look like on a weather map? | Purple line with a half circle, a triangle, and another half circle |
| What is the perfect recipe for a tornado? Combining what two air masses? | Canada & Mexico |
| An FO tornado is considered a ------- tornado on the Fujita scale. | Mild |
| In which region of the United States do tornadoes occur most frequently? | More common in the Midwestern United States |
| At what wind speed does a rotation storm become classified as a tornado? | about 45 miles per hour |
| What is the direction of wind rotation in a tornado's vortex in the Northern Hemisphere? | Counter-clockwise in the vortex |
| What conditions are found in the eyewall of a hurricane? | The heaviest clouds; the heaviest rain; the fastest winds; and the worst conditions |
| In which regions of the world are tropical climates most commonly found? | Northern South America; Central Africa; Southeast Asia |
| Which climate type is classified as "A" in the Koppen System? | Tropical |
| Which climate type is classified as "B" in the Koppen System? | Dry |
| Which climate type is classified as "C" in the Koppen System? | Humid Mid-Latitude |
| Which climate type is classified as "Cfa" in the Koppen System? | Humid Subtropical |
| Which climate type is classified as "Cfb" in the Koppen System? | Marine West Coast |
| Which climate type is classified as "Cs" in the Koppen System? | Dry Summer Tropic |
| Which climate type is classified as "D" in the Koppen System | Humid Polar |
| What does continentality refer to in terms of climate? | The extreme difference in temperature between summer and winter |
| Which climate type is classified as "E" in the Koppen System? | Polar |
| Which climate type is classified as "Ef" in the Koppen System? | Ice cap |
| Which climate type is classified as "H" in the Koppen System? | Highland |
Created by:
kaylarobinson06