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digestive system

TermDefinition
GI Tract (Gastrointestinal Tract) The system of organs that digest food, absorb nutrients, and remove waste.
Oral Cavity The mouth; where food enters and chewing + saliva begin digestion.
Pharynx The throat; passageway for food and air.
Epiglottis A flap of tissue that closes over the airway so food goes into the esophagus
Esophagus A muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Stomach A muscular organ that mixes food with acid and enzymes to break it down.
Small Intestine Main site of digestion and nutrient absorption.
Duodenum First part of the small intestine; where enzymes and bile mix with food.
Jejunum Middle section; absorbs most nutrients.
Ileum Last section; absorbs leftover nutrients and sends food to the large intestine.
Cecum First part of the large intestine; connects to the ileum.
Large Intestine Absorbs water and forms solid waste.
Ascending Colon Moves waste upward on the right side of the body.
Transverse Colon Moves waste across the upper abdomen.
Descending Colon Moves waste down the left side.
Sigmoid Colon S-shaped last part of the colon leading to the rectum.
Rectum Stores solid waste until it's ready to be released.
Anus Opening where waste leaves the body.
Salivary Glands Produce saliva to help break down food in the mouth.
Teeth Mechanically break down food by chewing.
Tongue Helps move food and aids in swallowing and taste.
Uvula Small piece of tissue hanging at the back of the throat; helps with speech and swallowing.
Liver Produces bile to help digest fats; also filters toxins.
Pancreas Releases digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar.
Appendix Small tube attached to the cecum; may play a role in immune function.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter Controls the entry of food from the pharynx into the esophagus.
Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter Prevents stomach acid from moving back into the esophagus.
Pyloric Sphincter Controls the movement of food from the stomach into the small intestine.
Created by: Charlotte S.
 

 



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