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Biology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are two main reasons why cells divide rather than continuing to grow larger and larger. Name the two reasons. | 1. The larger the cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on its DNA. 2. If the cell grow too big, it will have trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the membrane. |
| As a cell grows, what is the relationship between the volume and the surface area? | The volume increases at a much greater rate than the surface area of the cell. |
| In mitosis, 1 Mother Cell divides to form _____. | 2 Daughter Cells |
| What is the relationship between the mother cell and the 2 daughter cells? | They are exactly alike. |
| What is mitosis? | Mitosis is the division of the nucleus. |
| What is cytokinesis? | Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. |
| What name is given to one of two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome? How are these duplicates connected? | Chromatids Centromeres |
| What might happen to a cell that has undergone mitosis but not cytokinesis? | The cell would have two nuclei. |
| What part of the cell organizes the building of the mitotic spindle? | Centrioles |
| What name is given to the framework to which the sister chromatids become attached? What is this framework composed of? | Spindle Microtubules |
| What is the purpose of the spindle? | The microtubules of the spindle “push” the chromatids to the center of the cell during metaphase, and “pull” them apart during anaphase |
| What is the cell cycle? What are the 5 stages of the cell cycle? | The cell cycle is the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells. The five stages are G1, S, G2, mitosis and cytokinesis. |
| What events occur in the G1 phase? | The cell increases in size. The cell doubles the number of enzymes and cytoplasmic organelles. |
| What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle? | The DNA is replicated. |
| What occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle? | The cell assembles the special structures that it needs for cell division. |
| G1, S, and G2 are collectively known as what phase? | Interphase |
| In this phase, the microtubules shorten, pulling apart the sister chromatids. | Anaphase |
| In this phase, the nuclear membrane disappears, the nucleolus disappears, and the chromatids condense, shorten and thicken. | Prophase |
| In this phase, the cell cytoplasm is divided into two parts. | Telophase |
| This is a phase in which the cell is not dividing but carrying out its normal functions and preparing for its next division. | Interphase |
| In this phase, the chromatids are lined up at the center of the cell. | Metaphase |
| This is an indentation or “pinched in” area on the surface of an animal cell. It will continue to pinch inward until two separate cells are formed. | Cleavage Furrow |
| In plants, it is not possible for the cell to pinch inward because of the rigid cell wall. A _______ is produced between two dividing plant cells during telophase. | Cell Plate |
| What is the end result of mitosis in a unicellular organism? | Asexual Reproduction |
| What is the result of mitosis in a multicellular organism? | Growth and repair. |
| This results when there is runaway, uncontrollable cell division because the controls that keep cell division under control have failed to do their job. | Cancer/Tumors |
Created by:
Callie999