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pathology final
| Question | |
|---|---|
| painful urination | dysuria |
| pus in urine | pyuria |
| blood in urine | hematuria |
| dilation of pelvicalyceal | hydronephrosis |
| dilation of ureter | hydroureter |
| most common abdominal neoplasm of childhood | wilms tumor |
| wilms tumor manifests in what organ | kidney |
| an inherited disorder causes progressive renal impairment | polycystic kidney disease |
| 1/3 of polycystic kidney disease is also associated with | liver |
| most common unifocal mass of the kidney | renal cyst |
| infection with gas forming bacteria | emphysematous pyelonephritis |
| emphysematous pyelonephritis manifests in what type of patients | diabetic patients |
| inflammation of urinary bladder more common in females | cystitis |
| this is common during catheterization | cystitis |
| when fecal material is spread to the bladder | cystitis |
| inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis caused by pyogenic bacteria | pyelonephritis |
| 1 kidney; half of urinary system is missing | renal agenesis |
| _ % of renal stones have enough calcium to be radiopaque | 80 |
| most common type of renal carcinoma | hypernephroma |
| what are three functions of the kidneys | filter waste from blood, balance body fluid, form urine |
| what is the modality of choice for renal obstructions | US/CT |
| 10% of _ _ _ have aneurysms of cerebral arteries | polycystic kidneys |
| what is the treatment for renal cysts | alcohol |
| primary female sex hormone | estrogen |
| primary male sex hormone | testosterone |
| removal of uterus for female sterility | hysterectomy |
| onset of menstruation | menarche |
| transurethral resection of the prostate to treat enlargement of the prostate | TURP |
| severing of vas deferens for male sterility | vasectomy |
| removal of testis | orchiectomy |
| one of the most common STDS | gonnorrhea |
| gonnorrhea occurs more in | men |
| gonnorrhea is also known as | clap |
| how is gonnorrhea contracted and treated | sex/birth; treated by penecillin or ceftriaxone |
| a chronic sexually transmitted infection caused by treponema pallicum | syphyllis |
| what is syphyllis caused by | treponema pallidum |
| enlargement of the prostate gland related to disturbance of hormone secretions from the sex glands that occurs as reproductive activity declines | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| how is benign prostatic hyperplasia detected | TURP, or digital rectal exam |
| what are the risk factors for prostate cancer | black men over 50 |
| what is the second most common malignancy in men | prostate cancer |
| how is prostate cancer best detected | palpation |
| most common neoplasm in men neoplasm 20-35 | testicular tumor |
| t/f almost all testicular cancers are malignant | true |
| what % of testicular cancers are seminonas (germ cell tumors) | 45% |
| what are nonseminomas also known as | teratomas |
| presence of normal appearing endometrium in a site other than their normal location inside the uterus | endometriosis |
| 3rd most common form of cancer in women | cervical cancer |
| what is cervical cancer caused by | HPV |
| how is cervical detected | get pap smear; first by USD, CT/MR for staging |
| second leading cause of cancer death in females/most common malignancy | breast cancer |
| breast cancer is most common in women _-_ | 44-50 |
| most invasive gynecologic neoplasm | endometrial carcinoma |
| who is more susceptible to endometrial carcinoma | post menopausal; non-maternal |
| benign smooth muscle tumors that are very common | uterine fibroids |
| uterine fibroid growth is stimulated by | estrogren |
| most common germ cell tumor | teratoma |
| what percentage of teratomas become malignant | 50% |
| inflammation of the pelvic reproductive organs | PID |
| PID is usually the result of | venereal disease (gonnorrhea) |
| undescended testis | cryptorchidism |
| undescended testis is more common in | premature males |
| rate of malignancy is _x greater in undescended testis | 40 |
| what are the three steps taken after breast mass is found | 1. physical exam 2. mammo 3. biopsy |
| what is the function of the reproductive system | female and male organs work together for procreating |
| fluid produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder that aids in the digestion of lipids | bile |
| partially digested food- milky white substance | chyme |
| chewing | mastication |
| swallowing | deglutition |
| substance that acts like soap by dispersing the fat into very small droplets that permit is to mix with water | emulsifier |
| difficulty swallowing | dysphagia |
| hollow like outpouching | diverticula |
| inward growth/tumor | polyps |
| common inflammatory disorder of unknown cause that most often involves the terminal area of the iliem | chrons disease |
| chrons most commonly affects who | young adults |
| major cause of bowel obstruction in children | intussesception |
| telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another because of peristalsis | intussescteption |
| this happens when the neck of the appendix becomes blocked by a fecalith or obstruction in the organ | appendicitis |
| a concern for appendicitis is | gangrene/perforation |
| inflammation of the stomach | gastritis |
| most common type of pancreatic cancer 90% | adenocarcinoma |
| this type of pancreatic cancer produces increased insulin | insulinoma |
| this type of pancreatic cancer is islet cell tumors - syndrome zollinger-ellison | ulcerogenic |
| this type of pancreatic cancer is islet cell tumors- WDHA syndrome | diarrheogenic |
| for detection of pancreatic cancer ultrasound is used for larger than _cm | 2cm |
| how do solve pancreatic cancer | total pancreas removal |
| failure of the esophageal lumen to develop separate from trachea | congenital TE fistula |
| what is acquired TE fistula | caused by trauma or infection |
| _% of acquired TE fistula is caused by malignancy in the _ | 50%, mediastinum |
| modality of choice for gallstone | US |
| twisting of the bowel on itself that may lead to intestinal obstruction | volvulus |
| what are the two types of volvulus | cecal-rare sigmoid-usual |
| volvulus is most common in who | elderly and people with low fiber diets |
| common lesion that contain all layers of one layer of the wall | esophageal diverticula |
| rare condition in which the growth of gas-forming organisms in the gallbladder is facilitated by stasis and ischemia | emphysematous cholecytitis |
| chronic destruction of liver cells and structure | cirrhosis |
| appearance of cirrhosis | homer simpson- ascites, jaundice |
| most prevalent inflammatory disease of the liver | hepatitis |
| how is hep A transmitted | oral / fecal |
| most common Hep for healthcare workers | Hep B |
| how is hep b spread | serum; blood/sexual |
| how is hep E | ingestion of food/water contaminated by fecal material |
| how is hep c spread | blood/sexual; common cause of chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis/cancer |
| only affects mucosal layer of rectosigmoid but includes all of colon | ulcerative colitis |
| type of colitis that has higher chancer of cancer | ulcerative cancer |
| patchy disturbance (skip lesions) | chrons colitis |
| where does chrons colitis occur | colon and small bowel |
| ulcerative colitis is not where | small bowel |
| what is a complication of ulcerative colitis | toxic megacolon and perforation |
| what type of colitis is in individuals 50+, with hx of cardiac disease | ischemic colitis |
| neuro condition where infants head is significantly smaller than similar children | microcephaly |
| trisomy 21; extra autosomal chromosome | downs |
| excess of adipose tissue that develops when caloric intake exceeds calories burned | obesity |
| vitamin c deficiency | scurvy |
| sign for scurvy | pelkan spur, winbergers sign |
| occurs when pigment producing cells become cancerous | melanoma |
| inherited generalized disorder of connective tissue with occular, skeletal, and cardiovascular manifestations | marfans |
| marfans is an increased risk for | aortic root aneurysm/dissection |
| vitamin k | blood clotting |
| radiographic sign bulls eye | melanoma |
| radiographic sign apple core | colon cancer |
| radiographic sign cobra head | uterocele |
| radiographic sign rat tail | achlasia |
| radiographic sign appendicolith | appendicitis |
| radiographic sign mickey mouse | downs |
| radiographic sign cobblestone | esophagitis |
| radiographic sign mercedes benz | cholelithiasis |
Created by:
macummins1