a list of beliefs and policy goals that a political party says it stands for. It explains what the party wants to do if its candidates are elected.

elections where voters choose the party’s candidates. This gives regular citizens more control over who represents the party.

Candidate-Centered Campaigns

campaigns that focus mainly on the individual candidate—their personality, message, and image—rather than on the political party they belong to.

one that causes a major, long-lasting shift in the groups that support each political party.

Example of a Critical Election in 1932

FDR in 1932 During the Great Depression, voters shifted strongly toward Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Democratic Party. This created the New Deal Coalition, which kept Democrats dominant for decades.

voters stop identifying with either major party and instead call themselves independent. This weakens party loyalty overall.

large groups of voters switch their support from one party to another, creating a new and lasting political majority. It often happens during a critical election.

parties other than Democrats and Republicans. They rarely win major elections, but they can bring attention to issues the big parties ignore.

Party Platforms of Third Parties

often focus on specific topics, such as environmental protection (Green Party) or reducing government size (Libertarian Party), and can influence what the major parties talk about.

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Political Parties

Unit 2 Political Participation Linkage Institutions

Term	Definition
Party Platforms	a list of beliefs and policy goals that a political party says it stands for. It explains what the party wants to do if its candidates are elected.
Direct Primaries	elections where voters choose the party’s candidates. This gives regular citizens more control over who represents the party.
Candidate-Centered Campaigns	campaigns that focus mainly on the individual candidate—their personality, message, and image—rather than on the political party they belong to.
Critical Elections	one that causes a major, long-lasting shift in the groups that support each political party.
Example of a Critical Election in 1932	FDR in 1932 During the Great Depression, voters shifted strongly toward Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Democratic Party. This created the New Deal Coalition, which kept Democrats dominant for decades.
Dealignment	voters stop identifying with either major party and instead call themselves independent. This weakens party loyalty overall.
Realignment	large groups of voters switch their support from one party to another, creating a new and lasting political majority. It often happens during a critical election.
Third Party	parties other than Democrats and Republicans. They rarely win major elections, but they can bring attention to issues the big parties ignore.
Party Platforms of Third Parties	often focus on specific topics, such as environmental protection (Green Party) or reducing government size (Libertarian Party), and can influence what the major parties talk about.

Created by: Lynn Pritt

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