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Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do you call a set of statements that present reasoning and evidence to support a claim? | Argument |
| What term refers to the truth or falsity of a claim? | Truth value |
| What term is used to describe words that are used to help distinguish a premise or conclusion? | Indicator words |
| What kind of inference makes it clear what the arguer is saying? | Explicit inference |
| What kind of inference is implied or suggested, but not clearly stated? | Implicit inference |
| What fallacy refers to attacking the person instead of the argument? | Ad hominem |
| What fallacy claims that one event will lead to another, which will lead to another, etc.? | Slippery slope |
| What fallacy refers to introducing an irrelevant point to distract someone else? | Red herring |
| What fallacy refers to distorting an argument to make it easier to ‘defeat’? | Strawman |
| What fallacy refers to basing validity off endorsement from leadership? | Appeal to authority |
| What fallacy refers to justifying something based on financial gain? | Appeal to money |
| What fallacy refers to claiming that an argument is invalid because it has a fallacy in it? | Fallacy fallacy |
| What fallacy refers to claiming that something natural is inherently ‘good’? | Appeal to nature |
| What fallacy refers to claiming that something should be done because it’s always done that way? | Appeal to tradition |
| What fallacy refers to picking only the evidence that supports an argument while ignoring contradictory evidence? | Cherry picking |
| What fallacy offers a choice between two options when more exist? | Black & white |
| What term refers to the logic in an argument? | Logos |
| What term refers to emotional appeals in an argument? | Pathos |
| What term refers to appealing to someone’s credibility in an argument? | Ethos |
| What are the three most important questions one must ask when performing a rhetorical analysis? | “What are they arguing?”, “How are they arguing it?”, “Is it effective?” |
| What kind of question is being asked by a writer or arguer when they want their audience to reflect on something? | Rhetorical question |
| What term refers to the social, political, economic, or cultural events occurring when the argument was written? | Context |
| Which term refers to the writing technique of repeating specific words, phrases, or appeals? | Repetition |
| What term encompasses similes, metaphors, and allusions? | Figurative devices |
| What type or argument is used to determine if something is ‘good’ or ‘Bad’? | Evaluation argument |
| What type of argument is used when someone claims to have a solution to a problem? | Proposal argument |
| What type of argument focuses on compromise and is sometimes called the ‘middle man’ argument? | Rogerian argument |
| What type of argument involves the author using stories from their past and personal experience? | Narrative argument |
| What type of argument often appeals to the audience’s motivations and values? | Classical Western argument |
| What type of argument is used when persuading that one thing caused another? | Causal argument |
| What type of argument is used when someone wants to refute an idea or belief? | Rebuttal argument |
| What type of argument consists of the following six parts: claim, grounds, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, and backing? | Toulmin argument |
| What do you call the list of sources at the end of an essay? | Works Cited |
| What term refers to when you use an author’s exact wording? | Direct quote |
| What term refers to the author’s main claim, point, or argument? | Thesis statement |
| What term refers to statements that establish the evidence or claims? | Premises |
| What term refers to when you express an author’s entire argument in a short, condensed way? | Summarizing |
| What term refers to when you express one of the author’s points in your own writing and phrasing? | Paraphrasing |
| After you write a person’s name the first time, how do you refer to them for the rest of the essay? | By their last name |
| What short Latin phrase is used in parenthetical citations when a source has three or more authors? | et. al |
| In academic writing, do you use contractions? | No |
| What do you put your citation in at the end of a sentence? | Parenthesis |
| Which of the following do you use in the middle of a quote if you are trying to condense it or omit some words? | An ellipsis |
| Which of the following do you use in a quote if you need to quickly clarify something or to make the quote more grammatically correct in the sentence? | A signal phrase |
| If you include the author’s name in the signal phrase, do you need to put it in the parenthetical citation? | No |
| If a source has only one page, do you put a page number in the Works Cited or in a parenthetical citation? | No |
| If there are two authors for a specific source, do you list both of their last names in the parenthetical citation? | Yes |
| How are sources in a Works Cited listed? | Alphabetically |
| What term refers to using someone else’s work or data without crediting them? | Plagiarism |
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