Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)

A continuous muscular tube through which food travels, is digested, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is eliminated.

The mouth; begins mechanical digestion (chewing) and chemical digestion (saliva).

A muscular tube behind the mouth and nasal cavity that directs food from the oral cavity to the esophagus.

A flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

A muscular tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach using peristalsis (wave-like contractions).

A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with acid and enzymes to begin protein digestion.

Major site of digestion and nutrient absorption.

First section; receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from the liver and pancreas.

Middle section; primary site for nutrient absorption.

Final section; absorbs remaining nutrients, especially bile salts and vitamin B12.

A pouch-like first part of the large intestine where the ileum empties; houses the appendix.

Large Intestine (Colon)

Absorbs water, electrolytes, and forms feces.

Upward segment on the right side of the abdomen.

Horizontal segment across the abdomen.

Downward segment on the left side of the abdomen.

S-shaped final part of the colon leading to the rectum.

Stores feces until they are ready to be expelled.

The terminal opening of the GI tract; controls defecation.

Organs that aid digestion but food does not pass through them.

Produce saliva containing enzymes (like amylase) to begin chemical digestion.

Break down food mechanically through chewing.

Assists in chewing, swallowing, and taste; helps form food into a bolus.

Soft tissue hanging from the soft palate; helps with swallowing and speech, prevents food from entering the nasal cavity.

Produces bile for fat digestion; processes nutrients; detoxifies chemicals.

Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate for the small intestine; also produces hormones like insulin.

A small pouch attached to the cecum; may play a role in immune function and gut flora.

Circular muscles that control the movement of food through the GI tract.

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

Controls entry of food from the pharynx into the esophagus.

Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter

Prevents gastric acid from refluxing into the esophagus.

Regulates passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum.

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Question	Answer
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)	A continuous muscular tube through which food travels, is digested, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is eliminated.
Oral Cavity	The mouth; begins mechanical digestion (chewing) and chemical digestion (saliva).
Pharynx	A muscular tube behind the mouth and nasal cavity that directs food from the oral cavity to the esophagus.
Epiglottis	A flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.
Esophagus	A muscular tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach using peristalsis (wave-like contractions).
Stomach	A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with acid and enzymes to begin protein digestion.
Small Intestine	Major site of digestion and nutrient absorption.
Duodenum	First section; receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from the liver and pancreas.
Jejunum	Middle section; primary site for nutrient absorption.
Ileum	Final section; absorbs remaining nutrients, especially bile salts and vitamin B12.
Cecum	A pouch-like first part of the large intestine where the ileum empties; houses the appendix.
Large Intestine (Colon)	Absorbs water, electrolytes, and forms feces.
Ascending Colon	Upward segment on the right side of the abdomen.
Transverse Colon	Horizontal segment across the abdomen.
Descending Colon	Downward segment on the left side of the abdomen.
Sigmoid Colon	S-shaped final part of the colon leading to the rectum.
Rectum	Stores feces until they are ready to be expelled.
Anus	The terminal opening of the GI tract; controls defecation.
Accessory Organs	Organs that aid digestion but food does not pass through them.
Salivary Glinds	Produce saliva containing enzymes (like amylase) to begin chemical digestion.
Teeth	Break down food mechanically through chewing.
Tongue	Assists in chewing, swallowing, and taste; helps form food into a bolus.
Uvula	Soft tissue hanging from the soft palate; helps with swallowing and speech, prevents food from entering the nasal cavity.
Liver	Produces bile for fat digestion; processes nutrients; detoxifies chemicals.
Pancreas	Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate for the small intestine; also produces hormones like insulin.
Appendix	A small pouch attached to the cecum; may play a role in immune function and gut flora.
Sphincters	Circular muscles that control the movement of food through the GI tract.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter	Controls entry of food from the pharynx into the esophagus.
Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter	Prevents gastric acid from refluxing into the esophagus.
Pyloric Sphincter	Regulates passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum.

Created by: user-1898989

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