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BIO101 NERVOUS

QuestionAnswer
functions of nervous system decision making, response
cells of the nervous system neurons - cells that communicate, main cells neuroglia - support cells, nourishment + protection
neurotransmitters molecules that send signals across synapses excitatory / inhibatory
Afferent vs. Efferent Sensory vs. Motor
Progression of sensory information Sensory receptor (afferent) -> brain and spinal cord -> effector/motor (efferent)
Main divisions of nervous system Central (brain and spinal cord) Peripheral (nerves) - somatic (voluntary movements) - autonomic - involuntary - sympathetic - fight or flight - parasympathetic - rest and digest
Polarization (charge) of cell membranes Polarized - ready to go depolarized - upward portion of graph, where action happens repolarized - downward portion, has to recover
presynaptic nerve axon terminal
postsynaptic nerve dendrite
convergent nerves vs. afferent nerves convergent neurons - multiple nerves send a signal to one divergent neurons - one dendrite sends signals to multiple axons
efferent nerves make something happen, headed AWAY from CNS
afferent nerves go to the spinal cord or brain, go TO the CNS
nerve bundle looks similar to muscle
reflexes do not have to go to the brain receptor -> neuron -> CNS -> motor neuron -> reflex
babinski reflex vs plantar reflex babinski - only in infants, babies spread toes plantar - adults curl toes
Brain layers - meninges outer - dura mater middle - arachnoid mater inner - pia mater - soft, thin, right against brain and spinal cord
frontal lobe thinking, reasoning, and personality
temporal lobe hearing, memory, emotion, speech
occipital lobe vision, perception
parietal lobe deals with senses, spatial awareness, memory, emotion, and understanding speech
thalamus sensory, interprets what you're seeing/hearing/tasting
***hypothalamus*** controls heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, hormones, hunger, sleep
limbic system emotion, feelings, survival behavior
***pituatary gland*** major hormone producer in body
pineal gland shaped like pinecone, used as a landmark in CT scan, controls sleep
midbrain body temp, some senses, cerebrospinal fluid levels
pons involved in coordination, sleep, senses
medulla oblongata respitory control center, digestive control, reflex
amygdala memories, fear, anxiety
hippocampus memory and learning
cerebellum posture, body position, muscle activity
Created by: user-1998695
 

 



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