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Science Vocab August
Science Midterm Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Science | The investigation and exploration of natural events end of the new information that results. |
| Observation | Using one of one or more of your senses to gather information and take note of what accours |
| Inference | Logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge or experience |
| Hypothesis | Possible explanation for an observation that can be tested by scientific investigation |
| Prediction | A statement of what will happen next in a sequence of events |
| Technology | The practical use of scientific knowledge, especially for industrial or commercial use |
| Scientific theory | An explanation of observations or events that are based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations |
| Scientific law | A rule that describes a pattern in nature |
| Critical thinking | Comparing what you already know with information, you are giving in order to decide whether you agree with it |
| Description | A spoken or written summary of observations |
| Explanation | Interpretation of observations |
| International system of units | The internationality accepted system of measurement |
| Significants Digits | The number of digits in a measurement that are known with a certain degree or reliability |
| Variable | Any factor that can have more than one value |
| Independent variable | The factor that is changed by the investigator to observe how it effects a dependent variable |
| Dependent variable | The factor that a scientists observes or measures during an experiment |
| Biosphere | The parts of the Earth and the surrounding atmosphere where there is life |
| Atmosphere | A sea layer of gases surrounding earth |
| Hydrosphere | The system containing all earth's water |
| Cryosphere | The frozen portion of water on earth surface |
| Ground water | Water that is stored in cracks and pores beneath earth's surface |
| Geosphere | The solid part of earth |
| Mineral | A natural occurring inorganic solid that has crystol structure and a define chemical composition |
| Rock | A naturally occurring solid, composed of minerals, rock fragments, and sometimes other materials, such as organic matter |
| Water cycle | A series of natural processes by which water continually moves throughout the hydrosphere |
| Evaporation | The process of a liquid changing to a gas at the surface the liquid |
| Transpiration | The process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves |
| Condensation | The process by which a gas changes to a liquid |
| Precipitation | Water in liquid form that falls from the atmosphere |
| Weather | The atmospheric conditions along with short-term changes of a certain place at a certain time |
| Climate | The long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region |
| Rock cycle | A series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock |
| Uplift | The process that moves large bodies of earth materials to higher elevations |
| Weathering | The mechanical and chemical process that change earth's surface overtime |
| Mechanical weathering | Physical process that naturally break rocks into smaller pieces |
| Chemical weathering | The process of changes the composition of rocks and minerals due to exposure to the environment |
| Oxidation | Process that combines the elements oxygen with other elements or molecules |
| Soil | A mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air |
| Organic matter | Remains of something that was once alive |
| Pore | Small holes and spaces in soil |
| Decomposition | The breaking down of dead organisms and organic waste |
| Parent material | The starting material of soil consisting of rock or sediment that is subject to weathering |
| Climate | The long-term average weather conditions that occour in a particular region |
| Topography | The shape and stepness of the landscape |
| Biota | All of the organisms that live in a region |
| Horizon | Layers of soil formed from the movement of the products of weathering |
| Erosion | The moving of weathered material, or sediments, from one location to another |
| Deposition | Laying down or settling of eroded material |
| Meander | A broad, C-shaped curve in a stream |
| Longshore current | A current that flows parallel to the shoreline |
| Delta | A large deposit of sediments that forms where a stream enters a large body of water |
| Abrasion | The grinding away of rock or other surfaces as particles carried by wind, water or ice scrape against them |
| Dune | A pile of windblown sand |
| Loess | A crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay |
| Mass wasting | The downhill movement of a large mass of rocks or soildie to gravity |
| Landslide | Rapid, downhill movement of soil, loose rocks, and boulders |
| Talus | A pile of angular rocks and sediments from a rockfall |
| Glacier | A large mass of ice, formed by snow accumulation on land, that moves slowly across Earth's surface |
| Till | A mixture of various sizes of sediments that has been deposited by glacier |
| Moraine | A mound or ridge of unsorted sediment deposited by glacier |
| Outwash | Layered sediment deposited by streams of water that flow from a melting glacier |
| Atmosphere | A thin layer of gases surrounding Earth |
| Water Vapor | Water in its gaseous form |
| Troposphere | The atmospheric layer closest to Earth's surface |
| Stratosphere | The atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere |
| Ozone layer | The area of the stratosphere with high concentration of ozone |
| Tonosphere | A region within the mesosphere and thermosphere containing ions |
| Radiation | The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves |
| Conduction | The transfer of thermal energy due to collisions between particles |
| Convection | The circulation of particles within material caused by differences and thermal energy and density; the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another |
| Stability | Whether circulation air motions will be strong or weak |
| Temperature inversion | A temperature increase as altitude increases in the troposphere |
| Wind | The movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas fo bellow pressure |
| Trade winds | Steady winds that flow from east to west between 30N latitude and 30S latitude |
| Westerlies | Steady winds tnat flow from west to east between latitudes 30n and 60n and 30s and 60s |
| Polar easterlies | Cold winds that blow from the east to west near the North Pole and South Pole |
| Jet Stream | A norrow band of high winds located near the top of the troposphere |
| Sea Breeze | A wind that blows from the sea to the land due to local temperature and pressure differences |
| Land Breeze | A wind that blows from the land to the sea due to land temperature and pressure differences |
| Air Pollution | The contamination of air by harmful substances including gases and smoke |
| Acid Precipitation | Precipitation that has a lower PH than a normal rainwater |
| Photochemical smog | Air pollution that forms from the interaction berween chemicals in the air and sunlight |
| Particulate Matter | The mix of both solid and liquid particles in the air |
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