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Constitution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a constitution? | A written plan that sets up government, lists its powers, and limits them. |
| What does a constitution accomplish? | Creates government, distributes power, and protects rights. |
| What is settler colonialism? | A system where settlers permanently take land from Indigenous people and govern it. |
| How did settler colonialism influence the founding of America? | It led to land seizure, expansion, and exclusion of Native peoples from political rights. |
| What impact did the enslavement of Africans have on the founding? | It shaped the economy and led to compromises that protected slavery in the Constitution. |
| What caused the American Revolution? | British control, lack of representation, and unfair taxes. |
| How did British taxes cause political conflict? | Colonists opposed taxes they did not vote for (“taxation without representation”). |
| Why did colonists want a new Constitution? | The national government under the Articles was too weak. |
| What happened at the 2nd Continental Congress? | Colonies coordinated the war effort and moved toward independence. |
| What is the Declaration of Independence? | A document announcing separation from Britain and listing natural rights. |
| What ideas influenced the Declaration and Constitution? | Classical liberalism: natural rights, consent of the governed, limited government. |
| What were the Articles of Confederation? | America’s first national government with weak federal power. |
| Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? | No power to tax, regulate trade, or enforce laws. |
| What was the Virginia Plan? | Proposed a strong national government with representation based on population. |
| What was the New Jersey Plan? | Proposed equal representation for each state. |
| What was the Connecticut (Great) Compromise? | Combined both plans into a bicameral legislature. |
| What is a bicameral legislature? | A two-house legislature (House and Senate). |
| How was slavery addressed in the Constitution? | Through compromises like the Three-Fifths Compromise. |
| What powers were given to the federal government? | Taxing, regulating trade, raising armies, and making laws. |
| What is the Supremacy Clause? | Federal law overrides state law when they conflict. |
| How is the Constitution different from the Articles? | It created a stronger national government. |
| Which branch was designed to be most powerful? | Congress, because it makes laws and controls money. |
| How can the Constitution be amended? | Proposal by 2/3 of Congress and ratification by 3/4 of states. |
| How many amendments are there? | 27 |
| How does the Constitution limit government power? | Through checks, balances, and separation of powers. |
| Why was the Bill of Rights added? | To protect individual freedoms and limit government power. |
| What is separation of powers? | Dividing government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches. |
| What are checks and balances? | Each branch can limit the power of the others. |
| How are separation of powers and checks and balances related? | Separation divides power; checks prevent abuse. |
| What was the main Federalist vs Antifederalist debate? | How much power the national government should have. |
| What are the Federalist Papers? | Essays supporting ratification of the Constitution. |
| What is tyranny? | The abuse of power by government. |
| How did Federalists and Antifederalists view tyranny differently? | Federalists feared weak government; Antifederalists feared strong government. |
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