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English exam study
Literary terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Character | A being in a literary work who plays a role or part |
| Flat | A character who is uncomplicated; readers know very little about their personality or background |
| Round | A character with a complex multi-faced personality; they have depth and dimension provided by the author |
| Static | A character who does not undergo any important change over the course of a story; they are the same in the beginning and the end |
| Dynamic | A character who undergoes some important development change over the course of a story; they're a different person toward the end |
| Protagonist | The main character who makes key decisions that affect the plot, influencing the story and propelling it forward, and is often the character who faces the most significant obstacles |
| Antagonist | A villain who contrasts from the protagonist |
| Foil | A character who highly contrasts with another character, typically contrasting the protagonist, in order to better differentiate the qualities of that other character |
| Conflict | The struggle between two opposing forces |
| Internal Conflict | A character struggles with their own opposing desires, goals, or beliefs |
| Character vs. Self | Mental health struggles |
| External Conflict | That's a character against something or someone beyond their control |
| Character vs. Character | Fist fight, struggle with someone else |
| Character vs. Society | Motivated to take action against their society |
| Character vs. Technology | Problems that arise when technology grows beyond its intended use |
| Character vs. Nature | When character meets a natural disaster |
| Character vs. Supernatural | When characters go against fictional characters |
| Character vs. Fate | When a character struggles against a prediction |
| Mood | Feelings that the reader experienced while reading a text |
| Tone | The author's attitude toward the subject they are writing about |
| Symbol | A physical object that is used to represent a larger idea / deeper meaning |
| Motif | An idea that an author repeats throughout their work in order to establish a theme |
| Theme | A Life Lesson readers take from the story and apply to their own lives; it is written as a complete sentence, not just one word |
| Setting | Where and when a story takes place |
| Point of View | The perspective from which a story is being told |
| First Person | Told from the perspective of the main character themselves |
| Second Person | Character themselves, using “you” and “we” to address the reader directly |
| Third Person Omniscient | Unnamed narrator where they share ALL the details about ALL the characters / settings / events |
| Third Person Limited | Unnamed narrator, where they share only the important / necessary details about the main character |
| Plot | The sequence of events in a story |
| Exposition | Introduces the characters in the setting, Giving readers basic information |
| Inciting Incident | Some action that destabilizes the initial situation and opens up conflict |
| Rising Action | Compliments in events that introduces a conflict or intensifies an existing one |
| Climax | Commonly known as the turning point, this is the moment of the greatest intensity; the moment when the fate of the character is decided |
| Falling Action | A release of emotional tension and moves toward the resolution of the conflict; how the character responds to the conflict |
| Resolution | All of the “loose ends” are tied and the primary conflict is resolved |
| Conclusion | A new (compared to the Expedition) and stable situation that gives a sense of closure |
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