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GIS

Final Exam Review!

QuestionAnswer
Three major sources of error in GPS measurement are: Satellite, receiver, atmospheric interference
To create road buffers as a raster, you must start by executing the_________ tool on the vector road layer. Euclidean Distance
Tobler's law states that_________. Values close together are more likely to be similar
A GPS signal consists of A navigation message, one or more carrier waves, one or more digital codes
Map algebra is a technique for_________. Analyzing stacks of raster maps using mathematical or Boolean operators
A better spatial interpolation method should have a _____ RMS error. Lower
What raster function would you use to find the areas of a slope raster that exceed 20 degrees? Raster Calculator
Estimating values for a new raster between measurements taken at point locations uses the_________ function. Interpolation
You have a point dataset of wells near the ocean, with a field that contains chloride values. You want to create a raster showing the severity of saltwater intrusion using the chloride values. You could use the_________ tool. IDW
When does automatic resampling of rasters occur? Whenever two input rasters with different cell sizes are used in a function
Why is it important to store rasters in projected coordinate systems that preserve distance and/or area? Because many raster tools involve distance and/or area-based algorithms.
Select the definition of the term "reclassify function". Replaces sets or ranges of values in a raster with different sets of values
The semivariogram demonstrates the degree of dissimilarity between points as a function of separation distance. True
In a weighted overlay, the weight must sum to 1. True
A single dimensionless number called Dilution of Precision (DOP) indicates errors associated with satellite geometry. The lower value of DOP is better. True
Which of the following is a stochastic (geostatistical) interpolation method? Kriging
A higher power for the IDW method means that: Closer control points will have greater influence on the estimation
Ideally, all rasters being analyzed are stored in the same projection, extent, and cell size To avoid the introduction of resampling errors
Why is it important to ensure that your criteria fit the problem that you are trying to solve? The source data, geoprocessing tools, and transformation methods vary based on the way that the criteria is defined.
Which one of the following functions uses a moving window? Neighborhood Statistics
An analysis mask is used to: Screening out regions outside an area of interest by giving the cells No Data values
A cost-distance analysis is used to find. The easiest path between two locations
When creating a prediction surface, how could you adjust the semivariogram model in order to meet the normally distributed assumption? Apply an empirical transformation
Which of the following best describes the primary difference between deterministic and geostatistical spatial interpolation techniques? Deterministic methods use mathematical formulas, while geostatistical methods are based on spatial statistics.
What is the primary purpose of using cross-validation in geospatial analysis in GIS? A. To maximize the error in predictions. To validate the model by excluding each input sample point systematically.
How does the theory of relativity proposed by Einstein influence the functioning of GPS? By adjusting for the time dilation effects due to the speed of the satellites.
Which code of the GPS signal operates at a frequency of 1.023 MHz? C/A Code
Which factor does NOT contribute to satellite errors? Attitude Control
Other satellite-based GNSS systems, other than GPS are: All the above
What are some example applications for suitability modeling? Locating the optimum habitat for an endangered species Optimum location for the construction of a dam, road, military base, hospital, park in a city or a store.
Explain the different types of suitability modeling. Binary Weighted Fuzzy
What is spatial autocorrelation? Spatial autocorrelation is a measure of the degree to which nearby locations are more similar in value than locations that are further away.
Describe the structure of a GPS signal. They contain satellite coordinates as a function of time, clock correction, satellite health, satellite almanac, atmospheric correction model, etc.
Why is the L band used to transmit GPS radio signals? L band waves are used for GPS units because they are able to penetrate clouds, fog, rain, storms, and vegetation.
Which errors can be eliminated by DGPS? Satellite clock errors, orbit errors, and atmospheric errors can be minimized or eliminated using DGPS.
Created by: user-2009163
 

 



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