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JPbio162labexam2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gene | A segment of DNA coding for a protein/trait. |
| Allele | A variant form of a gene (B or b) |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism (Bb) |
| Phenotype | The observable physical traits (Brown eyes) |
| Heterozygote | Organism with two different alleles (Bb) |
| Homozygote | Organism with two identical alleles (BB or bb) |
| Dominant allele | Allele that masks the recessive; expressed in heterozygotes |
| Recessive allele | Allele masked by dominant; expressed only in homozygotes |
| Why are sex-linked traits X linked? | Becuase there is no corresponding allele on Y. X chromosomes are much bigger and carry more information, whereas Y chromosomes are smaller and only carry a small amount of information, primarily relevant to male development. |
| What does the X axis show on a graph? | It shows you what you artificially vary (the variable you are controlling). |
| What does the Y axis show on a graph? | It shows what you are measuring (the variable you are recording). |
| For a monohybrid trait (standard dominance), explain the setup, the cross, and the ratios. | Setup: One trait, two alleles (A=tall, a=short). Cross: (Aa x Aa) Ratios: Genotype = 1:2:1 (1 AA, 2 Aa, 1 aa). Ratios: Phenotype = 3:1 (3 tall, 1 short). |
| For a dihybrid trait (standard dominance), explain the setup, the cross, and the ratios. | Setup: two traits tracked at once (AaBb x AaBb). Cross: two parents heterozygous for both traits. Ratio: 9:3:3:1 |
| What is always the ratio of Aa x Aa? | 1:2:1 |
| What is always the ratio of AaBb x AaBb? | 9:3:3:1 |
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