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Stack #4588043
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many neutrons does the radioisotope 14C have | 8 neutrons |
| What is the AMU of the radioisotope 89Sr have? | 89 |
| The time required for a radioisotope to lose one-half of its activity is called its | half life |
| Radioactive isotope 89Sr. It has a half life of 52 days. We give a patient 500 cc of 89Sr. How long will it take for the radioactive material to decompose to 62.5 cc? | 156 days |
| These atoms can be arranged in chains or rings and serves as the backbone to all organic molecules? | Carbon |
| __________ is the sugar found in blood and ___________ is the sugar found in milk. | glucose, lactose. |
| all lipids are | insoluble in water |
| What is the name of the reaction where monomers are put together to make a polymer and a ________ molecule is released? | dehydration synthesis, water |
| Lactose is a _____________ compound of which two monosaccharides? | disaccharide; glucose and galactose |
| A hydrolysis reaction ___________ a bond between monomers and _________ water. | breaks, uses |
| Describe the concept of homeostasis? | When the internal environment of a cell remains relatively stable despite constantly changing external factors. |
| A(n) _________ is a muscle or a gland that carries out the control center's response to the stimulus to return the regulated variable to set point values. | Effector |
| In a negative feedback loop, the integrating center is _________. | Often a set of neurons in the brain or a group of cells in an endocrine gland responsible for directing an appropriate response to stimuli. |
| Control of blood glucose levels is maintained by a _________ in which hormones such as _________ and _________ are necessary. | Negative feedback mechanism, insulin and glucagon |
| example of a positive feedback mechanism? | blood clotting |
| How many neutrons does potassium (K) have according to the periodic table? | 20 |
| Atomic mass (AMU) can be calculated by _________ in an atom of the element. | Adding the number of protons and neutrons. |
| What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of the atom? | Protons and neutrons |
| When hydrogen has a slightly positive charge and it is attracted to a negatively charged atom from a different molecule, what kind of bond is formed? | hydrogen bond |
| How many times more acidic is pH 4 than pH 7? | 1000x |
| When oxygen becomes an ion, it will _________. | gain electrons |
| Nonpolar molecules are _________. | hydrophobic |
| Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: The hormone insulin will lower the blood glucose levels while the hormone glucagon will raise the blood glucose levels. | negative feedback |
| Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: Our blood vessels in the skin will dilate to dissipate heat. When the body cools down, the blood vessels will constrict to conserve heat. | negative feedback |
| Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: When we cut ourselves, the blood has to clot to stop the bleeding. | positive feedback |
| Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: A response enhances the original stimulus. | positive feedback |
| Which of the following is the stimulus for the release of calcitonin by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid? (a. blood calcium levels increase (b. blood calcium levels decrease (c. osteoblasts are stimulated in the bones | a. blood calcium levels increase |
| if a patient is sick, they are out of ______________________________ | homeostasis |
| What is the control center involved when a pyrogen causes a fever? | hypothalamus |
| Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? (a. The consumption of caffeine increase urine output, causing dehydration. (b. If blood pressure increases, baroreceptors in major arteries detect the change and send signals to the brain. | b |
| What hormone acts antagonistically to calcitonin? | parathormone |
| is the water level (concentration) of blood controlled by a positive or a negative feedback mechanism? | negative feedback |
| Which of the following would actually describe a cation? (a. An atom with 17 protons and 24 neutrons. (b. An atom with 19 protons, 19 electrons, and 32 neutrons. (c. An atom with 12 protons and 11 electrons. (d. An atom with 20 protons and a mass of 21 | c |
| Sodium is identified with the symbol Na. Na is the symbol for | Natrium |
| Which of the following subatomic particles can never change? a. Electrons b. Protons c. Neutrons d. Protons and electrons | protons |
| If an atom develops a positive charge, (a. It has fewer electrons than neutrons (b. It has fewer electrons than protons (c. It has more electrons than protons | B. fewer electrons than protons |
| If you add 3 neutrons to calcium, what would its new mass number be? | 43 |
| When an atom becomes an Ion, the number of __________ changes. | electrons |
| A different isotope has a different number of __________. | neutrons |
| What has to happen in order for hydrogen to become just a proton? | lose one electron |
| The chemical bonds that bind hydrogen and oxygen atoms together within a water molecule are__________. | covalent |
| The bonds that attract water molecules to other water molecules are __________. | hydrogen |
| Ionic bonds form because... | Two ions of different charges are attracted to each other |
| Oil repels water because it is __________. | hydrophobic |
| What does it mean when a molecule is classified as polar? | One end of the molecule is slightly negative while the other end is slightly positive. |
| the composition of plasma is 92% water. Glucose will dissolve in plasma because it is | polar |
| How many times more basic is a solution with a pH of 9 compared to a solution with a pH of 2? | 10 million |
| Which subatomic particle is involved in bond formation? | electrons |
| What is the term used when describing an electrolyte becoming individual ions? | ionization |
| Which statement is the most correct ? a. Buffers prevent the pH of a solution from changing. b. Buffers resist changes in pH of a solution. | b |
| If a buffer has a 4- charge and it is involved in removing two hydrogen ions (H+) from a solution, the buffer'scharge will become __________. | -2 |
| true or false: Cholesterol is placed in the lipid category because it is insoluble in water | true |
| in a DNA molecule, adenine always bonds to __________ | thymine |
| in RNA, adenine always bonds to__________ | uracil |
| If blood pH is not adequately maintained, then __________ malfunction and chemical reactions slow down or cease. | enzymes |
| What molecule is considered a nutrient upon hydrolysis of glycogen? | glucose |
| A triglyceride consists of three _________________________ and one _________________________ | fatty acids, glycerol |
| A patient Is lactose intolerant. This means they lack the enzyme, __________ and therefore have a difficult time digesting anything that has the disaccharide, __________ in it. | lactase, lactose |
| Many enzymes ends with the suffix "__________''. | -ase |
| An unsaturated fatty acid has at least one double bond in its structure. What has to be removed in order to develop the double bond? | two hydrogen atoms |
| If you start with 500 Units of a substance and it decomposed by two half-life's, how much material will be left over? | 125 |
| Define half-life. | the amount of time it takes for half the material to decompose |
| Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are all __________ | isotopes |
| Which of the following components decreases the permeability of the plasma membrane to water? Cytoskeleton Cholesterol Membrane proteins Carbohydrate | cholesterol |
| Lipids arrive at the Golgi apparatus via transport vesicles that come from the _________. | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which organelle manufactures ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? | Nucleolus |
| Which structures of the plasma membrane allows the cell to communicate with its environment? | membrane proteins |
| Which organelle is known as the cell's digestive system (or "a cell's demolition crew") and is involved in autophagy and autolysis? | lysosome |
| Which of the following cellular extensions increase surface area for absorption in the small intestine? Flagella Cilia Microvilli Villi | microvilli |
| Glycolipids and glycoproteins give identifiable characteristics and are located in the _________. | Outer layer of the phospholipid bilayer |
| Where is the site of aerobic cellular respiration? | mitochondria |
| The process of translation occurs in the _________. | ribosome |
| The transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) is called _________ | Transcription |
| A cell that is exposed to a hypotonic environment will _________. | gain water |
| What is NOT an example of active transport? Faciliated diffusion Exocytosis Phagocytosis Endocytosis | facilitated diffusion |
| In facilitated diffusion, ions are moved against their concentration gradient. True or False | false |
| Active transport with membrane proteins requires _________. | ATP |
| Movement of material into a cell is called _________, and movement of material out of a cell is called _________. | Endocytosis, exocytosis |
| If water is moving out of a cell, then what is the osmotic term for the ECF? | hypertonic |
| In the scenario below, will water enter or exit the cell? ICF: 70% water, 30% solutes ECF: 75% water, 25% solutes | enter the cell |
| The ICF of a cell has 35% solutes and is hypertonic to the ECF. Which way will water move? | into the cell |
| A blood cell will crenate when it is placed in a(n) _________ solution. | hypertonic |
| The difference between a phospholipid and a glycolipid is __________. | The phospholipid has a phosphate ion and a glycolipid has a carbohydrate |
| In the liver, detoxifying drugs and alcohol occurs in what organelle? | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| If working properly, what organelle prevents glycogen storage disease? | lysosome |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is made in the __________ | nucleolus |
| Which cell organelle is involved in translating information from mRNA? | ribosome |
| Which major component of the cell membrane is responsible for creating a physical barrier surrounding the cell? | phospholipid |
| Hydrogen peroxide may accumulate in the cell due to metabolism. What cell organelle and what enzyme ensures the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide? cell organelle: ________. enzyme: _________. | cell organelle: peroxisome. enzyme: catalase. |
| Which of the following statements is correct? a. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus b. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized from DNA in the cytosol. | A |
| A lack of alpha-glucosidase will result in what medical condition? | pompe disease |
| What is the glycocalyx and where is it located in relation to the cell? | carbohydrate secretions; located outside the plasma membrane |
| Excitatory neurotransmitters cause __________ and inhibitory neurotransmitters cause __________ | depolarization; hyperpolarization |
| Which of the following causes depolarization | stimulus |
| In a neuron, where are the voltage-gated calcium channels located? | axon |
| The presynaptic cell releases__________, which binds to __________. | acetylcholine; chemically-gated Na+ channels |
| What is involved in exocytosis of neurotransmitters into the synapse? | calcium ions |
| Name the glial cells involved in producing a myelin sheath in the CNS and PNS | CNS: oligodendrites PNS: schwann cells |
| Two ions move through leak channels during resting membrane potential. Which ion diffuses into the cell? Which ion defuses out of the cell | into: sodium out of: potassium |
| Name a drug that increases the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine. | opioid |
| Name the period of time between the start of an action potential and the time the resting membrane potential is restored. | refractory period |
| Diabetes insipidus is __________ | a decrease in antidiuretic hormone |
| Menopause is a condition where __________ | there is an increase in follicle stimulating hormone and a decrease in estrogen |
| __________ will raise blood calcium levels and __________ will lower blood calcium levels | Parathormone ; calcitonin |
| What hormone will not change the water concentration in the blood and therefore does not alter blood pressure? | erythropoietin |
| Name the hormone that will raise blood glucose levels (A) and the hormone that will lower blood glucose levels (B) | glucagon; insulin |
| Name the hormone that will raise blood sodium ion levels (A) and the hormone that will lower blood sodium ion levels (B}. | aldosterone; ANP |
| __A__ will increase growth while __B__ will inhibit that hormone to keep the body from growing abnormally large. | somatotropin; somatostatin |
| __A__ will cause milk production while __B__ will cause milk ejection or release | prolactin; oxytocin |
| Name the gland __A__ and the __B__ hormone involved in assisting the body to recognize night and day, when to sleep, when to wake up, etc. | pineal; melatonin |
| Whole blood contains | erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma |
| What does oxygen and carbon dioxide directly attached to? | hemoglobin |
| The release of EPO is controlled by a __________. | negative feedback mechanism |
| What specific cells of the kidneys produce erythropoietin? | juxtaglomerular cells |
| What part of hemoglobin does carbon monoxide bind to when a person is exposed to carbon monoxide? | iron |
| Why might a lack of protein in the diet result in a lack of oxygen going to the kidneys? | A lack of protein results in a lack of amino acids available to make hemoglobin. With a decrease in hemoglobin, then there is less oxygen being carried in the blood to the kidneys. |
| What causes the skin to have a yellow color when the liver is malfunctioning? | increased bilirubin in the blood |
| If a patient has plenty of iron but is not able to form hemoglobin, they could be lacking what vitamin? | B12 |
| An action potential (AP) jumps from one Node of Ranvier to the next, skipping over the myelinated sections of the axon. This process is called _________. | Saltatory conduction |
| What hormone has an effect on some leukocytes? | thymosin |
| What hormone is responsible for ovulation? | Luteinizing hormone |
| Which hormone causes the release of T3 and T4? | Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) |
| The adrenal medulla releases _________. | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| How do hormones in the endocrine system move around the body? | Via the circulatory system |
| if the resting membrane potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be ________ | hyperpolarizing |
| during depolarization and repolarization ions need to be pumped via active transport to move them across the membrane to create an action potential, true or false | false |
| opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes | depolarization |
| what ion causes docking and fusing of the presynaptic vesicles? | calcium |
| during repolarization potassium will | move into the ECF to balance out the change in membrane voltage then later be pumped back into the ICF via ion pumps. |
| the refractory period is a ________ process due to the action of the Na/K ATpases | active |
| a neuron fires or sends impulses down the axon, only when its membrane reaches | the threshold potential |
| during an action potential a typical neuron will have a membrane voltage of about ________ at the time when voltage gated Na channels inactivate and voltage gated K channels open. | +30mV |
| Schwann cells will myelinate ______ and also ________ | one section of an axon in the PNS; initiate repair of a damaged axon. |
| Acetylcholine will enter the synaptic cleft and bind to the postsynaptic membrane. true or false. | true |
Created by:
manselmogilliam24