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Biology
levels of organization, body systems, taxonomy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| taxonomy | the science of naming and categorizing living things |
| taxonomic levels | domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| binomial nomenclature | two-word naming system for living things, ex: Homo sapiens |
| scientific name | two words, genus + species |
| vertebrate | an organism that has a backbone and skull |
| invertebrate | an organism without a backbone or skull |
| cell | smallest unit of life, cells make up all living things |
| tissue | a group of cells that work together to perform a function |
| organ | a group of tissues that work together to form an organ, ex: heart |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a function, ex: digestive system |
| organism | a living thing; could be as simple as a single cell or could have billions of cells like a human |
| prokaryotic cells | small, no nucleus, DNA floats freely in cell. ex: bacteria |
| eukaryotic cells | larger, have a nucleus that contains the DNA, have organelles, ex: plants/animals |
| DNA | genetic material, contains the instructions for how an organism will look, grow, reproduce, etc |
| Trait | a physical characteristic of an organism that is coded in its DNA, ex: curly hair |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| offspring | a new organism produced by one or more parents, a baby |
| dominant traits | versions of a gene that often cover up other versions, ex: dark eyes |
| recessive traits | versions of a gene that often get covered up by other versions, ex: light eyes |
| asexual reproduction | one parent, offspring has 100% the same DNA as the parent, the offspring are all identical (uniform) |
| sexual reproduction | two parents, reproductive cells combine to form offspring, offspring will have traits from both parents, diversity occurs because of new genetic combinations |
| homeostasis | self-regulating process an organism uses in order to remain stable in changing conditions (ex: sweating when you're hot, releasing adrenaline in dangerous situations, breathing to get oxygen and get rid of CO2) |
| nervous system structures | brain, spinal cord, nerves |
| nervous system functions | controls all actions and reactions to changes in the environment, controls all thoughts and movement, controls many body organs |
| endocrine system structures | glands and hormones |
| glands | groups of cells in the body that make and release hormones |
| hormones | chemicals in the body that are released and cause the body to do different things (grow, sleep, regulate blood sugar) |
| endocrine system functions | maintains homeostasis by making and secreting hormones, controls growth/metabolism/reproduction |
| muscular system structures | skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle |
| voluntary muscles | you control them (ex: skeletal muscle) |
| involuntary muscles | you don't control them (ex: smooth, cardiac muscle) |
| muscular system functions | works with skeletal system to produce movement, produces heat to maintain body temperature |
| skeletal system structures | bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage |
| skeletal system functions | provides structure for the body, provides protection for internal organs, works with the muscular system to allow movement, produces blood cells in the bone marrow |
| integumentary system structures | hair, skin, nails |
| integumentary system functions | protection from infection/temperature changes/dehydration, waste disposal (sweat), and a receptor for touch/pressure/temperature |
| respiratory system structures | nose, lungs, diaphragm |
| respiratory system functions | gas exchange (CO2 out, oxygen in) |
| circulatory system structures | blood, blood cells, blood vessels, heart |
| circulatory system functions | transports waste, oxygen and nutrients in the blood |
| digestive system structures | esophagus, stomach, small intestine |
| digestive system functions | Breaks down food into smaller molecules so that the body can absorb the nutrients through the bloodstream |
| excretory system structures | lungs, liver, large intestine, skin, urinary system |
| excretory system functions | removes waste from the body |
| immune system structures | white blood cells |
| immune system functions | to fight off infections |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
smallscience7