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exam review

landslides

QuestionAnswer
Q: What is a landslide A downslope movement of rock, soil, or debris driven by gravity.
Q: What is a FALL landslide Material detaches from a steep slope and free-falls or bounces downslope.
Q: What is a TOPPLE Forward rotation of a mass out of the slope, pivoting around a point.
Q: What is a SLIDE Movement along a defined shear surface; can be rotational or translational.
Q: What is a FLOW Chaotic internal motion of material with high water (or air) content, moving like a fluid.
Q: What are the DRIVING forces on a slope Weight of material + slope angle.
Q: What are the RESISTING forces on a slope Cohesion and friction between materials.
Q: How does water affect resisting forces Saturation reduces friction and cohesion, making failure more likely.
Q: How does rainfall trigger landslides Adds water that reduces friction and cohesion over time, weakening the slope.
Q: Why does saturated soil fail more easily Pore spaces fill with water → grains lose contact → friction drops.
Q: How do earthquakes trigger landslides Seismic shaking reduces friction; vertical and horizontal shaking destabilize slopes.
Q: What is the difference between co-seismic and post-seismic landslides Co-seismic occur during the quake; post-seismic occur months/years later due to weakened slopes.
Q: How does human activity trigger landslides Construction adds weight; deforestation removes roots; mining excavates slopes; altered drainage increases saturation.
Q: What human activity accounts for the largest share of landslide triggers Construction activities.
Q: Why do steep slopes increase landslide risk Higher driving force (gravity) overwhelms resisting forces.
Q: Why are areas with high rainfall at greater risk Frequent saturation weakens slopes repeatedly.
Q: What global regions see the most fatal landslides Areas with steep terrain, high rainfall, and large populations (e.g., South & Southeast Asia).
Q: What are PRIMARY impacts of landslides Deaths, injuries, building damage, infrastructure damage, ecosystem loss.
Q: What are SECONDARY impacts of landslides Sedimentation, blocked rivers, landslide-dammed lakes, displacement waves, flooding.
Q: How can landslides worsen earthquake impacts Block roads, isolate communities, bury buildings, increase casualties, create dangerous lakes.
Q: What is the basic risk formula Risk = Hazard × Consequence.
Q: How does population growth affect landslide risk More people and structures increase consequences even if hazard stays constant.
Q: What are three ways to reduce landslide risk Identify risk areas, avoid with monitoring and evacuation, prevent failure by increasing slope stability.
Q: What does “identify risk” mean in landslide mitigation Mapping unstable slopes and assessing potential consequences.
Q: What does “avoid the hazard” mean Monitoring slopes, issuing warnings, evacuating before failure.
Q: How do engineers prevent landslides Add retaining structures, drainage, soil reinforcement, nets, or barriers to reduce runout.
Q: What does increasing the Factor of Safety (FS) mean ncreasing resisting forces relative to driving forces to prevent slope failure.
Created by: user-2009110
 

 



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