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Stars & Stellar
Unit 5: Stars & Stellar Life Cycles Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q: What relationship does the H-R diagram show? | A: A star's temperature and its luminosity (brightness). |
| Q: Who created the H-R diagram? | A: Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell. |
| Q: About what percent of stars are on the Main Sequence? | A: About 90%. |
| Q: How does the temperature axis behave on the H-R diagram? | A: It decreases from left to right. |
| Q: On the Main Sequence, what is the relationship between temperature and luminosity? | A: Hotter stars are more luminous. |
| Q: Which spectral class is the hottest? | A: Class O. |
| Q: Which spectral class is the coolest? | A: Class M. |
| Q: A star’s position on the Main Sequence is mostly determined by its ______ and ______. | A: Mass and temperature. |
| Q: What do all Main Sequence stars fuse in their cores? | A: Hydrogen. |
| Q: When massive stars fuse heavier elements, what do they become? | A: Red supergiants or supergiants. |
| Q: The H-R diagram shows __________ brightness, not apparent brightness. | A: Absolute brightness. |
| Q: What is the process of analyzing light from celestial objects called? | A: Spectroscopy. |
| Q: What does an absorption spectrum show? | A: Dark lines where specific wavelengths were absorbed. |
| Q: Which has the higher surface temperature: a white dwarf or a red giant? | A: A white dwarf. |
| Q: What color stars have the highest surface temperatures? | A: Blue stars. |
| Q: What two quantities are compared on an H-R diagram? | A: Temperature and luminosity. |
| Q: Which spectral class contains the coolest stars? | A: D. M-type. |
| Q: Why is the H-R temperature axis unusual? | A: It decreases left to right. |
| Q: On the Main Sequence, how do temperature and luminosity relate? | A: Hotter stars are more luminous. |
| Q: What happens when massive stars start fusing heavier elements? | A: They expand into supergiants, cool at the surface, and move up/right on the diagram. |
| Q: Compare white dwarfs and red giants. | A: White dwarfs = hot and dim; red giants = cool and bright. |
| Q: What does an absorption spectrum tell astronomers? | A: A star's composition, temperature, and motion. |
| Q: Star Alpha (3500K, very luminous): What type is it? | A: A giant or supergiant. |
| Q: Star Beta (9500K, moderate luminosity): What type is it? | A: A Main Sequence star. |
| Q: Star Gamma (7500K, very dim): What type is it? | A: A white dwarf. |
| Q: Which star has the highest surface temperature? | A: Star Beta. |
| Q: Where are the hottest stars on the H-R diagram? | A: On the left side. |
| Q: Which stars are cool but very luminous? | A: Giants and supergiants. |
| Q: What stars are found in “Region A”? | A: Giants. |
| Q: Where are white dwarfs on the H-R diagram? | A: Region C (bottom-left). |
| Q: Spectroscopy involves what? | A: Analyzing light from or through matter. |
| Q: What does an absorption spectrum display? | A: Dark lines where wavelengths were absorbed. |
| Q: A white dwarf is ______ than a red giant. | A: Hotter. |
| Q: Which color stars are hottest? | A: Blue. |
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