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Biology - Disease

TermDefinition
Nucleic Acids macromolecule of genetic information (DNA or RNA)
gene section of DNA that is the instructions for making one protein
nucleotides a monomer of DNA (a section of 1 sugar, 1 phosphate, and 1 base)
nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (DNA), uracid (RNA)
DNA structure double helix (a twisted ladder)
nitrogen base pairs A goes with T, G goes with C In RNA - A goes with U
RNA structure single strand
chromosomes tightly wrapped sections of DNA
cancer cells cells that reproduce uncontrollably (no checkpoints), do not function normally, and are usually caused by mutations.
apoptosis cell death
Interphase Cells grow, proteins and organelles are made, DNA is replicated
Mitosis The normal dividing of cells to make identical daughter cells. PMAT
Prophase DNA condenses into chromsomes
Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
anaphase sister chromatids (pairs of chromosomes) break apart and move to opposite sides of the cell
telophase two nuclei are formed
cytokinesis the cytoplasm pinches to form two identical cells.
Cell cycle The whole live of a cell from interphase to mitosis
Eukaryote Complex cells with a nucleus and other organelles
mutations changes in the bases of DNA that can cause errors in making proteins (or may change nothing!)
codons groups of three bases (letters) that "code" for an amino acid. They basically tell the cell which amino acid to use next.
meiosis copying cells to make sex cells (egg or sperm) with 1/2 the DNA of a body cell (they have one of each chromosome)
gametes sex cells (egg and sperm)
diploid a cell with two of each chromosome (normal body cells) (di means two)
haploid a cell with only one of each chromosome (sex cells) ("ha" like "half")
crossing-over a part of meiosis where each pair of chromosome mixes a little so offspring are more random
transcription/transcribe when the DNA is used to create mRNA ("scribe" means "write")
translation when mRNA is used to put a protein together. The codons give instructions for what amino acids to put together. (It is like "translating" DNA language into amino acid language)
Created by: mharms
 

 



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