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HW:Ch 7B(pg 190-197)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| thoracodynia | chest pain |
| pulmonology | medical specialty concerned with disorders of the respiratory system |
| pulmonologist | the physician who treats disorders of the respiratory system |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | respiratory disorders that produce chronic partial obstruction of the air passages |
| bronchospasms | asthma produces spasm in the bronchial passages |
| paroxysmal | bronchospasms that may be sudden and violent causing dyspnea |
| productive cough | coughing episodes produce large amounts of mucus |
| exacerbations | the epithelium of the bronchial passages thickens breathing becomes more difficult and flare ups occur more frequently |
| mucolytics | treatment includes agents that loosen and break down mucus |
| bronchodilators | medications that expand the bronchi |
| status asthmaticus | a life threatening condition that occurs when treatment does not reverse bronchospasms |
| chronic bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| expectorants | bronchodilators and medications that aid in the removal of mucus |
| emphysema | characterized by decreased elasticity of the alveoli |
| dilate | expand |
| orthopnea | emphysema sufferers find it easier to breathe when sitting upright or standing erect |
| pneumonia | inflammatory condition affecting the lungs primarily the microscopic air sacs |
| microscopic air sacs | alveoli |
| consolidation | lung tissue loses it spongy texture and becomes swollen and engorged |
| aspiration pneumonias | bacterial and viral infections but fungi chemicals and even inhaled substances such as food vomitus or liquids |
| normal flora | organism that resides in or on most people |
| opportunistic | immune system begins to fail this organism becomes infectious |
| mucopurulent sputum | thoracodynia dyspnea hemoptysis and coughing up sputum containing white blood cells |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | a condition in which the lung no longer function effectively threatening the life of the patient |
| systemic infections | major infections that affect the entire body |
| sepsis | major infections that affect the entire body or the blood |
| edema | the alveoli fills with fluid |
| neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) | a form of respiratory distress syndrome seen in preterm infants born to diabetic mothers |
| surfactant | a phospholipid substance that helps keep the alveoli open |
| cyanosis | condition of turning blue |
| nares | flaring of the nostrils |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| hyaline membrane | membrane that has a glass-like appearance |
| alveolar consolidation | bilateral decrease in lung volume and fluid in the alveoli |
| lung cancer or bronchogenic carcinoma | malignancy that arises from the epithelium of the bronchial tree |
| metastasize | the spreading of cancer |
| abnormal breath sounds | abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways commonly leading to a diagnosis of a respiratory or cardiac condition also called adventitious breath sounds |
| crackle | intermittent sounds caused by exudates spasms hyperplasia or when air enters moisture filled alveoli also called rale |
| rhonchus | continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring |
| stridor | high-pitched harsh sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway |
| wheeze | whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway |
| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids |
| anosmia | absence of the sense of smell |
| apnea | disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep resulting on blood deoxygenation causing the patient to awaken gasping for air also called sleep apnea |
| central (CSA) | a form of sleep apnea that occurs when the brains fails to stimulate breathing muscles causing brief pauses in breathing |
| obstructive (OSA) | most common form of sleep apnea cause by an upper airway blockage that prevents an adequate flow of air to the lungs |
| mixed | type of sleep apnea that occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea occur simultaneously |
| atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung |
| coryza | acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose also called rhinitis |
| croup | common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx trachea and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | life threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky plugging tubes and ducts especially in the lungs and pancreas |
| deviated nasal septum | displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nose bleeds |
| epiglottis | severe life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between ages 2 and 12 years |
| epistaxis | nasal hemorrhage also called nose bleed |
| hypoxemia | oxygen deficiency in arterial blood which is usually a sign of respiratory impairment and commonly causes hypoxia |
| influenza | acute contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract characterized by weakness fever chills muscle pain especially in the back arms and legs also called flu |
| pertussis | acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic "whoop" sounds also called whooping cough |
| pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs |
| empyema | exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in the pleural cavity commonly as a result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from the lungs also called pyothorax |
| pneumothorax | presence of air in the pleural cavity commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing also called pleuritis |
| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lungs tissues and alveoli most commonly called heart failure |
| pulmonary embolism | blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot tissue air bubbles and bacteria) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal healthy infant usually less than age 12 months also called crib death |
| tuberculosis (TB) | potentially fatal contagious disease spread through the respiratory droplets affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain hemoptysis weight loss fatigue and night sweats |
| crackle | When I went to the doctor when I had bronchitis they told me I had a crackle in my lungs |
| rhonchus | Everytime I coughed when they were checking my breathing they heard rhonchus. |
| stridor | When I had an allergic reaction I went to the hospital and when they checked my breathing they found stridor. |
| wheeze | Whenever I laugh too hard I start to wheeze. |
| acidosis | The doctor diagnosed me with acidosis because of how much acidity was in my body fluids |
| anosmia | when I had COVID I experienced anosmia. |
| apnea | I got diagnosed with sleep apnea when I stopped breathing when I would fall asleep. |
| central apnea | during my sleep study I got diagnosed with central apnea due to by brain not stimulating breathing muscles. |
| obstructive apnea | many people experience obstructive apnea when they sleep at night due to no flow of air to their lungs |
| mixed apnea | having mixed apnea is a combination of central and obstructive. |
| atelectasis | When your lung collapses you would consider it atelectasis |
| coryza | when your nose is red a puffy it is called coryza |
| croup | croup is common in children and it causes inflammation of the larynx and trachea |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | In the movie five feet apart both of the main characters have cystic fibrosis |
| deviated nasal septum | it is common to have a deviated septum and have to get surgery on it |
| epiglottis | It is common for children to get epiglottis even tho it is life threatening |
| epistaxis | everyone experiences an epistaxis or a nose bleed |
| hypoxemia | When people have to rely on an oxygen tank this would be the reason why. |
| influenza | Influenza is a common sickness that has the flu shot to prevent it. |
| pertussis | this is commonly called whooping cough |
| pleural effusion | if you get in a car accident where fluid builds up causes you to not breathe well this is what it is referred to as |
| empyema | this is where pus builds up in the lungs also called pyothorax |
| pneumothorax | after a chest injury you could experience pneumothorax |
| pleurisy | when you get a stabbing pain when you take a deep breathe it would be called pleurisy |
| pulmonary edema | fluid in the lungs tissues is called a pulmonary edema |
| pulmonary embolism | this is caused when there is a blockage in an artery |
| sudden infant death syndrome | some young infants will die unexpectedly even if they were perfectly healthy which is called crib death |
| tuberculosis (TB) | tuberculosis is a fatal contagious disease that affects mainly the lungs |
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