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Stack #4587513

QuestionAnswer
What is the main physiological role of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction? Acetylcholine triggers sodium channels on the muscle fiber to open, starting an action potential that leads to muscle contraction.
Why is calcium essential for muscle contraction? Calcium binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose actin’s binding sites so myosin can attach and pull.
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum during muscle physiology? It stores calcium and releases it when a muscle fiber is stimulated; it reabsorbs calcium to allow relaxation.
What determines the speed of a nerve impulse along an axon? Myelin thickness and axon diameter—thicker and myelinated fibers conduct impulses faster through saltatory conduction.
How does the sodium–potassium pump maintain resting membrane potential? It moves 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in, keeping the inside of the neuron more negative and ready for depolarization.
hat is the physiological purpose of a reflex arc? To produce a fast, automatic response that protects the body by bypassing the brain and traveling only through the spinal cord.
How do hormones regulate body functions differently than the nervous system? Hormones act more slowly but produce longer-lasting effects by traveling through the bloodstream to target cells.
What is the main physiological function of erythropoietin (EPO)? EPO stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow when oxygen levels in the blood are low.
Why is the SA node called the heart’s pacemaker? It generates the fastest spontaneous action potentials, setting the rhythm for the entire heart and initiating each heartbeat.
What is the physiological role of the lymphatic system in fluid balance? It returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream, preventing swelling and maintaining blood volume.
Created by: vnav1144
 

 



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