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pharm 17

QuestionAnswer
Angina pectoris Symptomatic manifestation of ischemic heart disease characterized by a severe squeezing or pressure-like chest pain and brought on by exertion or stress. occur when blood supplied to the heart is insufficient to meet heart’s need for oxygen
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; sometimes called “hardening of the arteries.”
Atheromas Hard plaque formed within an artery.
Atherosclerosis Process in which plaques (atheromas) containing cholesterol, lipid material, and lipophages are formed within arteries.
Coronary artery disease condition that occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. due to high cholesterol
Embolus A moving blood clot
Hyperlipidemia Increased concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood that is associated with the development of atherosclerosis.
Ischemia Deficient blood supply to an area of the body. Myocardial ischemia results in angina and myocardial infarction
Ischemic heart disease Any condition in which heart muscle is damaged or works inefficiently because of an absence or relative deficiency of its blood supply.
Necrosis Cell death that may be caused by lack of blood and oxygen to the affected areas
Myocardial infarction a “heart attack.” Results in heart muscle tissue death and is caused by the occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery
Thrombus Stationary blood clot.
Vasospasm Spasms that constrict blood vessels and reduce the flow of blood and oxygen
Angina symptoms Severe squeezing or pressurelike chest pain •Pain radiating to arms, shoulders, neck, or jaw •Sometimes described as severe heartburn or indigestion
Stable angina Symptoms with physical exertion, smoking, eating heavy meals, exposure to extreme changes in temperature, and emotional stress ⮚ Symptoms relieved by rest
Unstable angina Symptoms without exertion and when an embolus occludes an artery
variant/vasospastic angina Symptoms caused by vasospasm of coronary arteries ⮚ Symptoms at rest, during the night, or early morning
Nitrates Dilate blood vessels (arteries and veins) •Increase supply of oxygen to the heart •Most are prodrugs •Converted in the body to nitrous oxide, causing vascular relaxation
drugs ending in -olol Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Reduce heart’s demand for oxygen •Bind to beta-receptor sites and block activity of the sympathetic nervous system •Decrease heart rate, reducing workload of heart •Decrease frequency and severity of stable (exertional) angina
drugs ending in -dipine Calcium Channel Blockers
Dihydropyridines Calcium Channel Blockers: Do not slow heart rate/ cause vasodilation Amlodipine ⮚ Nicardipine ⮚ Nifedipine
Nondihydropyridines Calcium Channel Blockers: Slows heart rate/contractility Benzothiazepines (diltiazem) ⮚ Phenylalkylamines (verapamil)
Calcium Channel Blockers •Block L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels •Suppress depolarization (calcium triggers depolarization) •Reduce contraction of heart muscle leads to vasodilation (especially in arteries) and decreased cardiac workload.
adverse reaction Nondihydropyridines • Heart block and heart failure • Bradycardia • Constipation
warning label nitrates ⮚ Take on empty stomach (isosorbide dinitrate) ⮚ Swallow whole (sustained and extended release) ⮚ Avoid alcohol
Created by: user-1991937
 

 



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