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J.C.I Final Exam

TermDefinition
Abraham – Patriarch who made the covenant with God; father of Isaac and Ishmael.
Sarah Abraham’s wife; mother of Isaac.
Hagar Sarah’s servant; mother of Ishmael.
Ishmael Son of Abraham and Hagar; ancestor of Arab peoples.
YHWH Sacred name of God; not spoken aloud.
Torah First five books of the Hebrew Bible.
Mishnah Written oral law.
Talmud Mishnah + commentary; major authority.
Karaites Reject Talmud; follow Hebrew Bible only.
Incorporeality God has no physical body.
Messiah (Judaism) Human future king who restores Israel.
Rosh Hashanah Jewish New Year.
Yom Kippur Day of Atonement.
Orthodox/Reform/Conservative Strict / modern / middle ground.
Hellenization Greek cultural influence.
Maccabean Revolt Greek ban on Judaism; temple defiled.
Pharisees Accepted oral law; foundation of Rabbinic Judaism.
Hasidism Mystical movement of joy and devotion.
Akhenaten Egyptian pharaoh promoting monotheism.
Aten Sun god.
Ma’at Concept of truth, order, justice.
Syncretism Blending of religions.
CHRISTIANITY
Original Sin Humanity inherits fallen nature.
Augustine Taught corruption of nature; salvation by grace.
The Way Early followers before “Christian.”
Pentecost Holy Spirit descends; birth of Church.
Glossolalia Speaking in tongues.
Canon Official list of biblical books.
Apostles’ Creed Oldest Christian creed.
Edict of Milan Legalized Christianity in 313 CE.
Gnosticism Denied Jesus’ humanity; salvation by secret knowledge.
Docetism Jesus’ suffering only an illusion.
ISLAM
Muhammad Final prophet; received Qur’an.
Abu Bakr First caliph.
Abraham Prophet and model of faith.
Hagar Her water search reenacted during Hajj.
Ishmael Prophet; linked to Kaaba.
Surah Chapter of Qur’an.
Hadith Teachings/actions of Muhammad.
Ummah Global Muslim community.
Five Pillars Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj.
Ancient Wives/Concubines/Slaves Full rights / limited rights / servitude.
Genesis 22 Abraham’s sacrifice test; obedience theme.
Created by: user-2008938
 

 



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