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Week 12

Respiratory and gas exchange

QuestionAnswer
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? To facilitate gas exchange—oxygen uptake into the blood and carbon dioxide removal from the body.
What is tidal volume (VT)? The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal resting breath (~500 mL in adults).
What is the difference between external and internal respiration? External respiration is gas exchange between alveoli and blood; internal respiration is gas exchange between blood and tissues.
What law explains the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in ventilation? Boyle’s Law: as volume increases, pressure decreases (and vice versa).
What is the role of surfactant in the lungs? It reduces alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse, especially during exhalation.
What is dead space in the respiratory system? Air that is inhaled but does not participate in gas exchange. Includes anatomical dead space (conducting airways).
What drives diffusion of O₂ and CO₂ across the alveolar membrane? Partial pressure gradients—gases move from high to low partial pressures.
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? To facilitate gas exchange—oxygen uptake into the blood and carbon dioxide removal from the body.
What is tidal volume (VT)? The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal resting breath (~500 mL in adults).
What is the difference between external and internal respiration? External respiration is gas exchange between alveoli and blood; internal respiration is gas exchange between blood and tissues.
What law explains the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in ventilation? Boyle’s Law: as volume increases, pressure decreases (and vice versa).
What is the role of surfactant in the lungs? It reduces alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse, especially during exhalation.
What is dead space in the respiratory system? Air that is inhaled but does not participate in gas exchange. Includes anatomical dead space (conducting airways).
What drives diffusion of O₂ and CO₂ across the alveolar membrane? Partial pressure gradients—gases move from high to low partial pressures.
How is most oxygen transported in the blood? Bound to hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells (about 98–99%).
What is the Bohr effect? Increased CO₂ and H⁺ shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, decreasing Hb’s affinity for O₂ and enhancing O₂ delivery to tissues.
What is ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) matching? The relationship between air reaching the alveoli (ventilation) and blood reaching the alveoli (perfusion), essential for efficient gas exchange.
Created by: Sandra_ga28
 

 



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