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Physiology wks7-13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Action Potential | A rapid electrical change across a neuron’s membrane that allows nerve impulses to travel along axons. |
| Synapse | The junction between neurons where neurotransmitters allow signals to pass from one cell to another. |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical messengers (like ACh, dopamine, serotonin) that transmit signals across synapses. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | All nerves outside the CNS; connects the brain and spinal cord to limbs and organs. |
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | Controls involuntary functions (heart rate, digestion, breathing); includes sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. |
| Sympathetic Division | The “fight-or-flight” system that increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and boosts alertness during stress. |
| Parasympathetic Division | The “rest-and-digest” system that slows the heart rate and promotes digestion and recovery. |
| Hematocrit | The percentage of red blood cells in whole blood; important for oxygen-carrying capacity. |
| Cardiac Output | The amount of blood the heart pumps per minute (stroke volume × heart rate). |