What is the normal pH range of human blood?

The normal blood pH is about 7.35 to 7.45, which is slightly basic.

How do the lungs help maintain acid-base balance?

The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood. Since CO₂ can form carbonic acid, getting rid of it helps prevent the blood from becoming too acidic.

What role do the kidneys play in regulating blood pH?

The kidneys help by excreting hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorbing bicarbonate, which acts as a buffer to keep the blood pH stable.

What is the difference between acidosis and alkalosis?

Acidosis happens when the blood becomes too acidic (pH below 7.35), and alkalosis happens when the blood becomes too basic (pH above 7.45).

How does the body compensate if the blood becomes too acidic?

The body can increase breathing to remove CO₂ through the lungs and the kidneys can excrete more hydrogen ions to bring the pH back to normal.

Where does most chemical digestion of food occur in the digestive system?

Most chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver break down food into nutrients.

What is the main function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, which helps the body absorb more nutrients efficiently.

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars?

Amylase, which is found in saliva and pancreatic juice, breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars like glucose.

How are fats absorbed in the small intestine?

Fats are emulsified by bile and then broken down by lipase. They are absorbed into the lymphatic system as chylomicrons before entering the blood.

What role does the large intestine play in digestion?

The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming solid feces that can be excreted.

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week 14 study stack

chapters 7-13 study stack

Question	Answer
What is the normal pH range of human blood?	The normal blood pH is about 7.35 to 7.45, which is slightly basic.
How do the lungs help maintain acid-base balance?	The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood. Since CO₂ can form carbonic acid, getting rid of it helps prevent the blood from becoming too acidic.
What role do the kidneys play in regulating blood pH?	The kidneys help by excreting hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorbing bicarbonate, which acts as a buffer to keep the blood pH stable.
What is the difference between acidosis and alkalosis?	Acidosis happens when the blood becomes too acidic (pH below 7.35), and alkalosis happens when the blood becomes too basic (pH above 7.45).
How does the body compensate if the blood becomes too acidic?	The body can increase breathing to remove CO₂ through the lungs and the kidneys can excrete more hydrogen ions to bring the pH back to normal.
Where does most chemical digestion of food occur in the digestive system?	Most chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver break down food into nutrients.
What is the main function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?	Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, which helps the body absorb more nutrients efficiently.
Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars?	Amylase, which is found in saliva and pancreatic juice, breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars like glucose.
How are fats absorbed in the small intestine?	Fats are emulsified by bile and then broken down by lipase. They are absorbed into the lymphatic system as chylomicrons before entering the blood.
What role does the large intestine play in digestion?	The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming solid feces that can be excreted.
The primary function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. true or false?	True
Oxygen is carried in the blood mostly dissolved in plasma rather than bound to hemoglobin. true or false?	False
During inhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward to help air enter the lungs. true or false?	False

Created by: melwah

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