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physio 7-14

QuestionAnswer
What is the primary function of bile in digestion? To emulsify fats, breaking them into smaller droplets to increase surface area for lipase.
Which gastric cell secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl)? Parietal cells.
What does cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulate? Release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
What organ is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon? The pancreas.
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)? The energy the body uses at rest to maintain life-sustaining functions.
What hormone increases water reabsorption directly in the kidneys? Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
How does aldosterone affect the kidneys? It increases sodium reabsorption, which increases water retention and blood pressure.
What effect does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have on blood volume? It decreases blood volume by promoting sodium and water excretion.
What is the main purpose of inflammation? To bring immune cells and nutrients to the injury site and begin tissue repair.
What is an antigen-presenting cell (APC)? A cell (like a macrophage or dendritic cell) that displays antigens to activate T cells.
What is the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity? Humoral uses B cells and antibodies; cell-mediated uses T cells (cytotoxic and helper).
What is surfactant and why is it important? A substance in alveoli that reduces surface tension and prevents collapse during exhalation.
Which part of the brain sets the basic rhythm of breathing? The medullary respiratory center (medullary rhythmicity area).
What causes the sensation of fullness during a meal? Stretch receptors in the stomach sending afferent signals to the brain.
How does alcohol cause dehydration? It inhibits ADH, increasing urine output and reducing water reabsorption.
Created by: user-1991069
 

 



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