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Physiology Part 2

TermDefinition
Osteocyte Mature bone cell that maintains bone matrix.
Osteoblast Bone-forming cell responsible for building new bone.
Osteoclast Bone-resorbing cell that breaks down bone tissue.
Epiphysis The end of a long bone; contains spongy (cancellous) bone.
Diaphysis Shaft of a long bone; contains compact bone and the medullary cavity.
Red Bone Marrow Tissue where hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) occurs.
Yellow Bone Marrow Fat-storing connective tissue inside long bones.
Synovial Joint Freely movable joint surrounded by a capsule and filled with synovial fluid.
Adduction Movement toward the midline.
Extension Increases the angle between two bones.
Flexion Decreases the angle between two bones.
Neuromuscular Junction Synapse where a neuron communicates with a muscle fiber.
Sarcomere Functional unit of muscle contraction (actin + myosin).
Cardiac Muscle Striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart.
Acetylcholine (ACh) Neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction.
Neuron Nerve cell that sends electrical and chemical signals.
Glial Cells Supportive cells that protect and nourish neurons.
Myelin Sheath Fatty covering that speeds up nerve impulses.
Photoreceptors Light-detecting cells in the retina (rods & cones).
Hormone Chemical messenger released into the blood to regulate body functions.
Pituitary Gland “Master gland” that controls other endocrine glands.
Insulin Hormone from pancreas that lowers blood glucose.
Adrenal Glands Produce stress hormones (cortisol, epinephrine).
Hemostasis Process of stopping bleeding.
Ventricles Lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart.
Blood Pressure The force blood exerts on artery walls.
Antibody Protein made by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.
Created by: Montreana
 



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