Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio - Unit 3
3.11-3.13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| restriction endonucleases | enzymes naturally found in prokaryotic cells that cut dna at specific nucletide sequences -protect bacteria by detroying viral dna |
| recognition site | each enzsye recognizes a specific sequence of bases called a recognition site -sequences are usually palindromic |
| sticky ends | enzymes cut in a zigzag pattern -leaves short, single stranded overhands that can easily h bond with complementary overhangs |
| blunt ends | produced when enzymes cut straight scross the double helx -harder to recombine |
| dna liagase | enzyme used to join cut strands together -reforms the phosphodiester bond by promoting dehydration synthesis |
| competent cell | cell capable of taking up foreign dna |
| vectors | dna molecule that acts like a vehicle to transport foreign dna |
| copy number | number of plasmid copies within a cell |
| process of gene cloning | 1. isolationa and cutting 2.ligation 3. transformation 4.selection and identification |
| isolation and cutting in gene cloning | target gene and plasmid vector are cut with same restriction enzymes -creates comaptible sticky ends |
| ligation in gene cloning | target gene fragment and open plasmid are mixed -sticky ends anneal -dna ligase is added to permanently join fragments (created circular dna plasmid) |
| transformation in gene cloning | the successful introduce of dna from another source into a bacterial cell -bacterai place in ice cold cacl2, solution is heated and recooled |
| selection and idetification in gene cloning | -bacteria grown on plates containing antibiotics, only those that took up plasmid survive -replica of bacterial coloniges is made on filter paper, cells are broken open and dna is denatured, radicative hybirdization probe is added, if probe binds it mark |
| restriction mapping | helps scientists select the right plasmids for cloning |
| single digestion | cut with one enzymes to find total size and number of sites for that enzyme |
| double digestion | cut with 2 enzymes simutaneously -reveals relative positions to one another |
| gel electrophoresis | -dna fragments can be seperated -putting positive electrode at one end amkes the negatively charged dna migrate through the gel to the other side -smaller fragments make it to other side faster |
| pku | defect cauding phenylalanine buildup that damages the brain -treated by a strict low protein diet starting at birth |
| familial hypercholesterolmia | treated with diet and statins to lower ldl cholesterol |
| hemophelia | treated by injecting clotting proteins |
| cystic fybrosis | treated with oral digestive enzymes to aid in digestion as the pancreatic duct get clocked by mucus |
| gene therapy | treats disease by inserting, removing, or replacing defective genes within an organisms cells |
| germ line gene therapy | modifies germ cells, heritable, banned |
| somatic gene therapy | modifies somatic cells, non-heritable |
| milestones and case studies | 1.mouse growth hromone 2.ada deficiency 3.sickle cell disease |
| adult screening | look at genome or family history to screen for disorders |
| aminocentesis | prenatal testing |
| newborn screening | pku testing - heel prick test |
Created by:
gracie.elisabeth