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PSYCH EXAM 4
Neo-Freudian Theoris
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alfred Adler | stated that personality is more a function of social conflicts rather than sexual conflicts |
| Erich Fromm | stated that humans unconsciously escape from freedom (seek to escape). We fall in love, get married, have children (someone else to blame) |
| Karen Horney | stated that humans have a basic need for love and security. We feel highly anxious when we're isolated and alone. |
| Carl Jung | stated that humans have a collective unconscious; psychological and biological universals (ex. shared dreams, memories, etc.) |
| Id (the it) | largest portion of our psychy is foreign to us, repository for our repressions, gives expression to our sexual and aggressive urges (pleasure seeking organ) |
| Ego (The I) | how we think about ourselves, not contradicting who we are, functions according to the reality principle (delay gratification) |
| Super-ego (The over-I) | sits on top of the ego, represents internalized cultural norms and values, forms through socialization (parental and societal restrictions) |
| Humanistic approach | third force, brings attention to the conscious mind, free will, subjective experience, and self-reflection |
| What was Carl Rogers associated with | Actualizing tendency: reach our full "self-hood" by self-actualization. Realizing our full potential, considered humans to be basically good |
| what does conditional positive regard mean | the individual is valued only when they meet certain expectations |
| What did Abraham Maslow associate with? | self-actualization characteristics (people tend to be more spontaneous, playful, loving) |
| Who associated with the trait approach? | Gordon Allport |
| trait approach | characteristic patterns of behavior and conscious motives. Describe who people are |
| Factor Analysis | identify clusters of individual traits. Describe an individual's personalities |
| What did Hans and Sybil Eysenck emphasize? | Biological influences on personality. Also introversion vs. extroversion and emotional stability vs. emotional instability |
| MMPI meaning | used to assess abnormal personality tendencies |
| What are the big 5 personality traits? | Neuroticism, Extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness |
| Neuroticism | tendency towards emotional instability |
| openness to experience | people who are imaginative, independent in their thought |
| Conscientiousness | people who are organized and consistent |
| Triadic reciprocal determinism (def and who) | proposed by Albert Bandura, reciprocal arrow between person, behavior, and environment |
| Learned helplessness | people become helpless when behavior is independent of outcome |
| Learned optimism | people live better life when they have control of their outcomes (have healthier immune systems, live longer) |
| What can too much optimism do? | can blind people to risks (ex. college students think they have lower levels of drinking problems) |
| Biopsychosocial approach | recognition of nature and nurture of the root cause of abnormal behavior. Genetic predisposition, our biology and feelings matter |
| What do pessimistic attributional styles explain? | negative events as internal, stable, and global |
| Symptoms of schizophrenia | Incoherent thinking, delusions of inference (evil influence), grandeur (powerful), reference (recipient of other's actions), and persecution (target of secret plots), hallucinations, disturbance of affect, and bizarre behavior |
| Systematic desensitization (3 components) | 1. patient taught techniques of relaxation 2. hierarchy of fear 3. exposure to parts of hierarchy |
| Aversive conditioning | technique designed to elicit an aversive rather than pleasurable response (ex. vomiting w alcohol) |
| Rational emotive behavior therapy | we have power over our emotional destinies. our cognition is the most proximal determinant of human behavior |
| Chain of REBT | Activating event, beliefs, consequences of beliefs |
| Cognitive therapy | maladaptive schema (automatic thoughts) create and maintain depression |
| Gestalt therapy (Fritz Perls) | make people responsible for their own growth. Speak in ways that are brutally honest |
| Humanistic therapy | change happens under necessary and sufficient conditions |
| Behavioral therapy | maladaptive behaviors are learned and reinforced by the environment |
| active therapeutic ingredients | supportive relationships, a ray of hope, and an opportunity to open up |
Created by:
madalynes