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chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Confederate Nationalism | based on several ideals, foremost was slavery, the beliefs that whites are superior to blacks and that the Confederacy was fulfilling God's will |
| Fort Sumter | U.S. fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. South Carolina called for U.S. to evacuate the fort. Union soldiers refused. Resulting confederate attack marked the start of the Civil War |
| Anaconda Plan | Union war plan by Winfield Scott, intended to strangle Confederacy by cutting off access to coastal ports and inland waterways. Called for blockade of southern coast, and control of the Mississippi River. |
| Border States | Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. All had economic, social, political and economic connections both North and South. |
| contraband | Formerly enslaved people who escaped to freedom behind Union army lines. General Butler said he had just as much right to seize them as he did "to seize enemy horses or cannons" |
| Whig economic package | Passed by Republicans in Congress since Southerners were not present to vote against it. Included the Homestead Act, the Land-Grant College Act/Morrill Act, and the Pacific Railroad Act. |
| Camp Life | highly literate armies, wrote letters to loved ones and read newspapers which were in high demand. Soldiers also organized debate societies, composed music, sang, wrestled, raced horses and boxed. |
| George B. McClellan | First general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861. Overly cautious man who consistently overestimated his adversaries numbers. This approach played in Confederates favor. Lincoln fired him. |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate general, appointed as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia |
| USCT | United States Colored Troops. 180,000 (about 10% of the Union Army) the majority remained stationed behind the lines as garrison forces often laboring in noncombat roles. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | By Lincoln on September 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in confederate states would be free. Cry from universal end to slavery, but shifted war aims from maintance of union to the end of slavery. Kept European nations from supporting confederacy. |
| Battle of Antietam | Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties. Enough of a Union victory for Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Lee's final northern incursion 1863, this three day battle was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War, ended in a Union victory. Considered the turning point of the war. |
| Battle of Vicksburg | 1862- 63. Grant led this seige which resulted Union gaining control of Mississippi, split the confederacy in two, and allowed for uninhibited travel for Union forces along the Mississippi |
| Draft Riots | Working class northers were angry that wealthy could pay for substitutes to avoid going to war. Emancipation Proclamation convinced immigrants that freed people would soon take jobs. Economic and racial anxieties culminated in violence in New York City. |
| Hard War/Total War | A style of warfare that involves inflicting harm on civilians, infrastructure, property and the destruction of crops and animals. Designed to demoralize civilians and destroy the economy. |
| Sherman's March to the Sea | 1864. General William Tecumseh Sherman led a hard war strategy though Georgia. Resulting in the burning of Atlanta, and a path of destruction, that would break the South's psychological capacity to fight. |
| Civil War Medicine | Common amputations and opium used for an anesthetic. No antibiotics and slower moving projectiles led to more deaths. Little understanding of germ theory. |
| war widows | Women whose husbands died during the Civil War. Union widows were often viewed with honor and respect. Confederate widows often helped during the war and memorialized the Confederacy afterwards. |
| Election of 1864 | 3 new states (West Virginia, Nevada, Kansas) had been added since 1860, 11 states of confed. didn't participate. Lincoln + Andrew Johnson (Tennessee) formed National Union Party Ticket, defeated former General George B. McClellan, nominee of Dem. party. |
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