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OLD TESTAMENT FINAL
key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pentateuch | Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, a set of five books traditionally attributed to Moses that tell the early history of the world and of the people Israel |
| Primeval History | The first seven chapters of Genesis, which tell the extremely early history of humanity |
| Genealogy | A list of the ancestors of a person or group |
| Source Criticism | An approach to biblical studies that understands biblical texts as being composed of passages from different sources, which it tries to identify |
| Documentary Hypothesis | A source-critical theory that claims the Pentateuch was composed from four sources that each existed as independent documents name J, E, D, and P |
| Covenant | A binding agreement that establishes or modifies a relationship between individuals or groups |
| Noahic Covenant | The covenant God made with Noah, his descendants and all animals after the flood, in which God promised never to flood the earth again |
| Historical Context | Cultural beliefs and practices and historical events around the time a text is written, which can help us interpret the text |
| Grace | An undeserved gift (especially favor from God) |
| Unilateral | One-sided (a covenant where only one person is responsible for maintaining it) |
| Bilateral | Two-sided (a covenant where two people/groups both have responsibilities) |
| Literary Context | The written text (sentences, paragraphs, or larger sections) that surround a verse or passage, which can provide necessary information for understanding it |
| Abrahamic Covenant | The covenant between God and Abraham containing God’s promise of many descendants, who will inherit the land of Canaan, enjoy a special relationship with God and bless other families |
| Exodus | The Israelites’ departure from Egypt, where they had been enslaved. |
| Passover | An Israelite festival celebrating the angel of death sparing their children during the final plague that led to them being released from Egypt. |
| Mosaic Covenant | the covenant God made with the Israelites at Mt. Sinai, which was mediated by Moses |
| Holiness | Being set apart from ordinary things, divine (which means being good but dangerous if not approached properly) |
| Theophany | an appearance or manifestation of God to one or more human beings |
| Suzerainty Treaty | A political covenant in the Ancient Near East in which one ruler was significantly more powerful than the other |
| Suzerain | The more powerful ruler in a suzerainty treaty |
| Vassal | The less powerful ruler in a suzerainty treaty |
| Historical Prologue | Part of a covenant that describes the past relationship between the parties, especially favors done by the suzerain for the vassal |
| Stipulations | The specific actions that a covenant requires the parties to take |
| Casuistic | A law that specifies the penalty for a specific crime, usually in an if/then structure |
| Apodictic | A law that commands or forbids a specific action based on the lawgiver’s authority, without specifying a penalty |
| Holy | Set apart from ordinary things, closely connected to God, which requires wholeness and sometimes moral goodness |
| Clean | Able to be brought near to God but not already connected to God |
| Unclean | Unable to be brought near to God due to connections with death or lack of wholeness |
| Sin offering/guilt offering | An offering where an animal is killed to atone for wrong actions |
| Burnt offering | An offering that is completely burned up to symbolize total dedication to God |
| Grain offering | An offering of crops that expresses thanksgiving |
| Peace offering | An offering in which part of the meal is given to God by burning and part is eaten by the worshipper to represent good relations with God |
| Monotheistic | Believing in only one god |
| Polytheistic | Believing in and worshipping many gods |
| Henotheistic | Believing that many gods exist but committing to worship only one of them |
| Deuteronomistic History | A group of books that includes Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings, which some scholars see as a unified history influenced by the style and themes of Deuteronomy |
| Monarchy | Rule by a king |
| Repent | To turn away from sin and back to God |
| Anoint | To pour oil on someone’s head as a symbol of God’s blessing or of their being appointed to a specific task, such as being king. |
| United kingdom period | the time when the entire land of Canaan was ruled by a single Israelite king |
| Divided kingdom period | The time in which two Israelite kingdoms, Israel and Judah, both existed in the land of Canaan |
| Davidic covenant | God’s promise to give David a dynasty that would always have someone on the throne |
| Concubine | A woman who lived with (and slept with) a man without the full legal status of a wife |
| High places | Small temples dedicated to Yahweh or to other gods, usually on mountains, which several biblical authors considered illegitimate |
| Babylonian Exile | Period after the fall of Jerusalem when many people of Judah were taken captive to Babylon |
| Redeem | to buy out of slavery or rescue from some other predicament |
| Apocalyptic literature | a genre of literature that developed out of prophecy, which claims to reveal hidden knowledge |
Created by:
hcundiff518