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Hawaii Vocab
On our Hawaii unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Igneous | The most common form of rock, which is created from the cooling of molten rock. |
| Extrusive (think of outside; on the earth's surface) | Igneous rock that cools very quickly (because it is near the earth's surface), resulting in fine-grained or glassy textures because crystals didn't have time to grow large (ex: obsidian) |
| Intrusive (think of inside; deep in the earth) | Igneous rock that cools very slowly, since it is deep beneath the earth's surface, creating large crystals. (ex: granite) |
| Fine grain | Due to the rock cooling quickly, small crystals are formed (extrusive) |
| Coarse grain | Due to the rock cooling slowly, large crystals are formed (intrusive) |
| Felsic | Igneous rock that is light-colored, less dense, and has a high silica content (Most of Yosemite's rock) ex: granite |
| Mafic | Igneous rock that is dark-colored, more dense, and rich in iron / magnesium (Most of Hawaii's rock) ex: basalt |
| Vesicular | Igneous rock that has holes (vesicles) in it, formed from quickly-cooling molten rock. Is lighter more fragile |
| Glassy (rock texture) | Igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools extremely fast; so much so that crystals aren't even formed, creating a glassy texture. ex: obsidian |
| Oceanic Crust | Thin, more dense layers of earth's crust ; basalt, Hawaii |
| Continental Crust | Thick, less dense layers of earth's crust ; granite, Yosemite |
| Transform boundary | When two tectonic plates slide past each other |
| Divergent boundary | Where two tectonic plates split and move away from each other |
| Convergent boundary | Where two tectonic plates converge and move towards each other |
| Convection currents | Circular movements in a fluid caused by differences in temperature and density |
| Trench | Tectonic feature formed at a subducting convergent plate boundary ; land and sea |
| Ridge | Tectonic feature formed at a divergent plate boundary ; oceanic, Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| Half-life | The amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay |
| Viscosity | A measure of how easily liquid flows |
| High viscosity | Flows slowly, and is thick (Shield volcano) |
| Low viscosity | Flows easily, quickly, is runny and thin |
| Radioactive decay | The process by which an unstable atom releases energy (heat) to become more stable over time |
| Parent isotopes | The unstable isotopes that slowly become stable over half-lives |
| Daughter isotopes | The parent isotopes that became stable over half-lives |
| Density | The amount of mass in a given space |
| Formula of density | D = mass / volume |
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