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Chapter 8: Develop

Development Psychology

QuestionAnswer
Chapter 8: Development Psych is changes in what? Physical, mental, social
Chapter 8: 3 main ppl of Developmetal psych Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, Lawrence Kohlberg
Chapter 8: Gene V. Chromosone Gene: segmant of DNA (herediatary transmission) Chromosome: Strand of DNA that carries genetic info
Chapter 8: 3 phases of Prenatal Deveolpment and what they do Germinal Stage: Zygote(2 weeks)--> attaches to uterine wall Embryonic Stage: Embryo( until 2 months) Fetal stage:(8 wks to birth) (Fetus) (Viability)
Chapter 8: Teratogens & most common Substance that harms development of fetus--> Alchahol(MC) Smoking--> Hearing defects
Chapter 8: Viability Ability of fetus to survive outside womb
Chapter 8: Fetal Alchahol Syndrom and effects Physical & Cognitive from drinking mother--> Severe facial defects
Chapter 8: Teratogens & most common Substance that harms development of fetus--> Alchahol(MC) Smoking--> Hearing defects
Chapter 8: Fetal Alchahol Syndrom and effects Physical & Cognitive from drinking mother--> Severe facial defects
Chapter 8: Neonate Newborn first 2 weeks
Chapter 8: Motor Development/ Maturation Progression of muscular corridination required for physical activities--> Sequence of physical functions influenced by genetic EX: standing before walking
Chapter 8: Jean Piaget beleifs - Face and adapt from enviroment by creating schemas
Chapter 8: Schemas - sterotypes and assumptions made from our observations that help us organize/inerpret information
Chapter 8: 2 ways Piaget believed we developed schemas and describe? 1. Assimilation- Blending new info into old Ex: You have dog--> Assume all 4-legged animals are dogs 2. Accommodate- Modifying/Chaging schemas to make better or fit new experience Ex: Realization that not all 4-legged animals are dogs
Chapter 8: Piaget proposed we pass through x amount of stages of y dvelopment from childhood to adulthood X= 4 Y= Cognitive
Chapter 8: Piaget's first stage of devlopment and what happens Sensorimotor Stage: Neonate--> Knowledge based on sences(sensory) & by doing (motor) -- Causality--> How things Function -- Immitation of others--> Smiling back @ parents -- Object Permanace Develops
Chapter 8: What is Object Permanence and when does it develop? -Understanding that objects exist when out of site -End of Sensorimotor Stage
Chapter 8: Piaget's second stage of development and what happens - Preoperational Stage (Age 2-7) - Thought is egocentric(self-centered)/World revolves around you - Lacks Conservation Skills(Volume of Water)
Chapter 8: Piaget's third stage of deveolpment and what happens - Concrete Operations Stage (Age 7-11) - Flexible/logical thought - Begins to think logically and understand owrld - Only CONCRETE symbols
Chapter 8: In what stage of deveolpment do Number/Math skills develop? cocrete operations stage
Chapter 8: In what stage of development do conservation skills develop? concrete operations stage
Chapter 8: In what stage of development does "Rules Goverend" develop and what does that mean? concrete operations stage/ world doesn't reveolve around you
Chapter 8: Piaget's fourth stage of development and what happens - Formal Operations Stage (12 years) - Children apply operations to abstract concepts as well as concrete concepts
Chapter 8: In what stage of development does abstract ideas develop Formal Operations Stage
Chapter 8: In what stage of development can you solve problems in head/ 3D thinking start? Formal Operations Stage
Chapter 8: Criticisms of Piaget's theories - Underestimates cognitive ability in preschoolers - Object Permance can appear before age of 2
Chapter 8: Lawrence Kohlberg's 1st level of Moral Development and what happens Preconventional Morality (After 9) - Avoid Punishment/ Gain Rewards
Chapter 8: In what level of Kohlberg's Moral Development does rewards and punishments dictate behavior Preconventional Morality
Chapter 8: Lawrence Kohlberg's 2nd level of Moral Development and what happens Conventional Morality (Early Adolcence into Adulthood) - Based on meeting social norms & doing what is right
Chapter 8: In what level of Kohlberg's Moral Development does approval matter over anything else? Conventional Morality
Chapter 8: Lawrence Kohlberg's 3rd level of Moral Development and what happens Postconventional Morality - Solving worldly problems
Chapter 8: In what level of Kohlberg's Moral Development do you devote your life to the services of others Postconventional Morality
Chapter 8: In what level of Kohlberg's Moral Development do most people not reach? Postconventional Morality
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson developed x stages of y development x= 8 y= social
Chapter 8: Lawrence Kohlberg developed x stages of y development x= 3 y= moral
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson belief if child fails to progress through stage Social/ Emotional isuues
Chapter 8: Who influences progression through the 8 stages of social development caregivers
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson's first stage of social development and what happens Trust Vs Mistrust (1st year) Child develops trust/ sense of saftey when biological needs are met and develops insecurity/anxiety/mistrust when needs are not met
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson's second stage of social development and what happens Autonomy Vs Self-Doubt (2-3) - Toilet Training/ "Anal Stage" - Personal Responsibility
Chapter 8: In what stage of social development does the child learn to chooses and do things for themselves or doubt abilities Autonomy Vs Self-Doubt "Anal Stage"-Freud
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson's third stage of social development and what happens Initiative Vs Guilt (Preschool) - Function socially within his/her family - Child learns to iniate tasks and explore or feel guiltly efforts to be diffrent or independent
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson's fourth stage of social development and what happens Competence Vs Infeority (6 through Puberty) - Functioning socially extended beyond family to school and neighborhood - Apply themsleves beyond family or feel infeior
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson's fifth stage of social development and what happens Identity Vs Role Confusion (Teens through 20s) - Teens find identity by "Testing out" diffrent roles - Settle on single identity - Become confused on who they are and who they want to be
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson's sixth stage of social development and what happens Intimacy Vs Isolation (20s through 40s) - Ability to form close & lasting relationships - Make career commitments - Socially isolated when inability to form lasting relationships
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson's seventh stage of social development and what happens Generativity Vs Stagnation (40s through 60s) - Contrbute to world through volunteering - Feel Lack of purpose
Chapter 8: Erik Erikson's eighth stage of social development and what happens Ego-Integrity Vs Despair (60s +) - Satisfaction in life & willingness to face death - Ability to reflect on life w/ satisfaction - Sense of little accomplishment and wish they could have a do-over
Chhapter 8: What is attachment? An emotional connection with the caregiver
Chapter 8: 1st element for attachment to occur Body Contact
Chapter 8: What is the Harry Harlow study? - Baby monkey in cage with "Wire mother" that provided nuroushment and "Soft Cuddly Mother" that didn't provide food, monkey preferred cloth mother monkey - Shows priority of body contact with attachment - Made monkey secure/confident
Chapter 8: 2nd element for attachment to occur Familiarity- Exposure to caregiver right after birth
Chapter 8: What is the Konrad Lopez Study? Imprinting--> Baby animals "adopt" first thing they see as caregivers--> Humans do not imprint Shows importance of Familarity w/ Attachment
Chapter 8: Why do humans not imprint? Attachment in humans occurs more gradually thhan in animals
Chapter 8: 3rd element for attachment to occur Responsiveness
Chapter 8: What is the Mary Ainsworth Study? Secure Vs Insecure attachment - Responsive parents attend to child's needs more - These children feel more secure/confident - Insecure babies are "clingy" and unwilling to explore new enviroments
Chapter 8: Effects of attachment Secure: Outgoing/confident/successful--> Social compitence Deperation: Withdrawn/Anxious/Frightened
Chapter 8: Authoritarian Parenting Parents w/ low care, high expectations, control every aspect of child's life
Chapter 8: Permissive Parenting Parents show a lot of care/ rarely discipline/ child dicates parents
Chapter 8: Authoritative Parenting Parents show a lot of care/ discipline child accordingly/ explanation for dicipline
Chapter 8: What is the best style of parenting and what are the results? Authoritative Parenting High self esteem/ adapt well/ successful/ happy/ generous
Created by: 27braun
 

 



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