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Pharmacology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| opioids? | morphine, fentanyl, naloxone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, meperidine, methadone, tramadol |
| Non-opiods? | Acetaminphen, NSAIDS-aspirin, ibuprofen, ketorolac, celecoxib |
| Acetaminophen | treats mild pain/fever(not inflammation) Adverse effects: hepatoxicity, blisters and rash Pt education: do not take longer than 10 days, avoid alcohol, see provider if fever lasts longer than 3 days Overdose treated with Acetylcysteine(Mucomyst) |
| Aspirin | treat mild pain/fever and decrease risk of MI CAN CAUSE REYES SYNDROME IN CHILDREN UNDER 12 Adverse effects: GI upset and bleed and tinnitus |
| Ibuprofen | treats mild to moderate pain(3-6/10) and inflammation and fever Adverse effects: GI bleed, dyspepsia(n/v), renal failure, allergic reactions STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME BLACK BOX: do not use post CABG |
| Steven johnson syndrome? | rash, blisters, swelling and lesions with skin sloughing often starting around the face, mouth and throat and progressing to other areas along with flu like symptoms |
| Ketorolac(Toreadol) | treats breakthrough/severe pain (7-10) use for 5 days or less Adverse effects: HA, GI bleed, drowsiness, nausea, renal fail, allergic reactions STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME Can cause drowsiness so avoid EROH, NSAIDS Avoid in pts with ulcers, GI bleed, CAB |
| Celebrex | Use with arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and dysmenorrhea Use cautiously with hepatic impairment • Adverse effects include HTN, edema, liver impairment, GERD, nausea • Black Box warnings for increased risk of thrombotic events (MI, CVA, DVT) and GI |
| Morphine | Treat moderate to severe acute and chronic pain Adverse effects include respiratory depression (avoid COPD and asthma), hypotension, lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation,constipation, nausea Patient teaching includes potential for abuse, have Narcan ava |
| Narcan | Reverses the effects of opioid analgesics (morphine, fentanyl, Dilaudid) Adverse effects include tremors, nausea, vomiting, agitation, hypertension, sweating • Used post-operatively in PACU to assist in awakening patients |
| Baclofen | Treats muscle pain, spasms and stiffness • Adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion Abruptly stopping med can cause seizures Adjust dose with renal impairment • Overdose can cause seizures, muscular hypotonia, drowsine |
| cyclobenzaprine | Used to treat muscle spasm Use cautiously in the elderly, hepatic dysfunction, patients taking concurrent antidepressants or other CNS depressants • Adverse effects include dizziness, dry mouth, serotonin syndrome and sedation Atropine like effects-us |
| serotonin syndrome | SSRIs (citalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline), MAOIs (selegiline), SNRIs, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Opioids, Cocaine, amphetamines Triad of symptoms include • neuromuscular excitation-hyperreflexia, myoclonus, hypertonia • altered mental status-delirium, |
| Allopurinol | Treats gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia Reduce dose with renal impairment Adverse effects include hypo or hypertension, flushing, drowsiness, N/V, renal failure May cause DRESS Syndrome (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) Patient may |
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