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Final
Anatomy
| picture | label |
|---|---|
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface | superficial |
| If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | Proximal |
| two major cavities in the human body are | ventral and dorsal |
| a plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portion is | coronal |
| the lungs are located in the | thoracic |
| number of abdominal regions is | 9 |
| which of the following does not describe anatomical position? | pinky is lateral to the thumb |
| an organ is one organizational level higher than | tissue |
| when many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as | tissue |
| the neck is _____ as compared to the right shoulder | medial |
| approximate pH of gastric fluid is | 2 |
| which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | zinc |
| carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | 2 |
| Kind of element is determined by number of | protons |
| atomic mass is determined by the number of | protons and neutrons |
| approximately what percentage of body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| hydrogen isotope tritium consists of | one proton and two neutrons |
| AB+CD ----> AD + CD is example of ___ reaction | exchange |
| which of the following represents properties of water | high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, strong polarity |
| which of the bonds is the weakest? (ionic, hydrogen, electrovalent, covalent) | hydrogen |
| Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (provides site for ribosome attachment, supplies membrane for use throughout the cell, makes steroid hormones, makes glycoproteins) | Provides a site for ribosome attachment |
| Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins? (acting as receptors, signal transduction, identification of "Self", all of the above) | all of the above |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? | mitochondria |
| which of the following organelles is considered nonmembranous organelle? (golgi, ribosome, mitochondria, A and B) | ribosome |
| cell extension that contains microfilaments is called | microvilli |
| projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called | cilia |
| how do vesicles move from place to place in an organized way within the cell? | molecular motors pull them along microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton |
| which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? | proteasomes |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | phospholipid bilayer |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: | caveolae |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called | keratin |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | connective |
| the __ junction "glues" the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis | dermoepidermal |
| external ear is composed of | elastic cartilage |
| conduction unit of nerve tissue is | neuron |
| Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| the structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and underlying structures of the body is the | hypodermis |
| fluid environment that fills spaces between the cells of the body is called the | extracellular matrix |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | synovial |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? | epithelial |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | sternum |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the | mandible |
| Which of the following is(are) not in the appendicular skeleton? (vertebrae, tarsals, femur, clavicle) | vertebrae |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? | femur |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| which of the pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed | pubis |
| What structures firmly hold the foot bones firmly in their arched position? | ligaments and tendons |
| main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the | diaphysis |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the | periosteum |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called | myeloid tissue |
| Poor posture puts abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities: True or False | true |
| There are more than 600 muscles in the body: True or Flase | True |
| Which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is incorrect? | When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs |
| Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle. | circular |
| All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the: | deltoid |
| The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. | spiral |
| muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the | opponens pollicis |
| The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm. (flex, extend, pronate, supinate) | flex |
| achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus: True or False | True |
| Which is not true of the myelin sheath? (It is associated with white fibers in the brain. It is important for nerve impulse conduction. It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord.It is destroyed in those with multiple sclerosis.) | it covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): | afferent OR sensory neuron |
| the nervous system can be divided: according to its structure, direction of information flow, control of effectors, all the above | all of the above |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain |
| fasicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the | perineurium |
| Lymphatic system, like circulatory, is closed: true or false | False |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. | toward |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, axon |
| Several “vital centers” are located in the: | medulla |
| The spinal ganglion can be found on the _____ of the spinal nerve. | dorsal nerve root |
| Which of the following is not a plexus of spinal nerve: cervical, brachial, lumbar, thoracic | thoracic |
| visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers: true or false | True |
| Which of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve? (zygomatic, opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) | zygomatic |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | cervical |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in (the white columns of the sacral segments of the spinal cord. the lateral gray columns of thoracic segments of the spinal cord. nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. | nuceli of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: subarachnoid space, central canal, third ventricle, subdural space) | subdural space |
| All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except: oculomotor, trochlear, vestibulocochlear, accesory | vestibulocochlear |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS: True or False | false |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. | thymus gland |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? (The "hairs" of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane. The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fix | the tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas basilar membrane is rigid and fixed |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? hypothalamic appetite centers, vagus nerve, solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata, thalamic nuclei | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | beta cells |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the | cochlear duct |
| Membrane attached to the stapes. | oval window |
| Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing. | cochlear duct |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. | thyroid gland |
| The basilar membrane supports the | spiral organ OR organ of Corti |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| after blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium |
| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium |
| The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is(are) the: | SA node |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin |
| The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the | head, neck and upper extremity |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia |
| The structural components of the circulatory system include the: | heart and blood vessels |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries |
| A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a(n) | monocyte |
| lacteals | lymphatics in the villi of the small intestine and are able to absorb fat from the digestive system |
| lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics | have thinner walls, contain more valves, contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course |
| breast, mammary gland surrounding tissue, is drained by the | lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple. and lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. |
| Hassall Corpuscles are part of the | thymus |
| The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as “not self” is called: | nonspecific immunity |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | tonsils |
| The wall of the lymphatic capillary consists of a multiple layer of flattened endothelial cells. Lymphatic and blood capillary networks are dependent on each other. Lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains eventually into the th | lymph from the entire body, except upper right quadrant, eventually trains into the thoracic duct |
| which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function? | hydrochloric acid |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | serve in voice production |
| total number of lobes in both lungs | 5 |
| Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects? | The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | horizontal fissure |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | oropharynx |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? | vestibule |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | air |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: | oropharynx |
| The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: | trachea |
| Olfactory epithelium is found | covering the superior turbinate |
| barium enema study is used to detect and locate | diverticula, polyps, tumors |
| bile is secreted by | hepatic cells |
| Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest? | ileum |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? | esophagus |
| The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: | papillae |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? | small intestine |
| The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: | mesentary |
| The more common term for deglutition is: | swallowing |
| The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue. | extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin |
| gallbladder removal is called | cholecystectomy |
| mechanism for voiding begins with | relaxation of the internal sphincter |
| The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: | renal pelvis |
| one difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is | part of two body systems |
| Substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by the process of: | filtration |
| Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced? | aldosterone and ADH |
| drop in systemic blood pressure would cause filtration rate to | decrease |
| what is not a normal function of the kidneys | regulate blood sugar |
| ADH has the greatest effect on the reabsorption of water in the: | distal tubule |
| Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the: | movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood |
| Which of the following is(are) classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system? | ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| foramen magnum | large circular opening |
| commissure connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres | large C looking piece |
| sclera layer | outermost layer of eye. on top , A |
| left common carotid artery | middle of 3 arteries sticking up off heart |
| lymph from right arm enters blood stream | right clavicle area |
| large lymph vessel that drains three quarters of the body | midline |
| what is not a supporting structure of male reproductive system | prostate |
| Which of the following is(are) not classified as an accessory organ(s) of the reproductive system in the male? | testes |
| Which of the following is not an effect of testosterone? | promotes lengthening of bones |
| fertilization of an ovum most often occurs in the | fallopian tube |
| fundus of the uterus is the | above where the tubes enter |
| layer that is incomplete because it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body is called the | parietal peritoneum |
| efferent ductules | drain the rete testis |
| to be capable of fertilizing an ovum, sperm must undergo a process called: | capacitation |
| The uterus is suspended between two folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition across the pelvic cavity. These ligaments are _____ ligaments. | broad |
| In the male, LH: | stimulates the interstitial cells to increase secretion of testosterone |
| what gland produces corticosteroids | adrenal cortex, on top of kidneys |
| what gland controls blood sugar | pancreas |
| what reduces blister formation | dermal papillae, under corneum |
| hypophysis | tiny sac at base |
| nephron with receptors sensitive to ADH | lighter colored tube on right |
| area that is primary visual cortex | back of brain |
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