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pharm 21

QuestionAnswer
GastroesophagealRefluxDisease (GERD) Impaired peristalsis
• lower esophageal sphincter (LES) The muscle located at the junction between the esophagus and the upper stomach acts as a valve. When it opens due to a buildup of pressure in the stomach, stomach contents can leak back up into the esophagus. causing heartburn, inlammation, ulceration
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) a condition where stomach contents reflux past the esophagus into the throat due to dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). It often occurs together with GERD and produces symptoms like a sour taste, hoarseness, and throat irritation
peptic ulcer disease ulcers in stomach/duodenom Burning pain in the gut starting 2 to 3 hours after a meal, along with weight loss and loss of appetite.
•Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) Is the primary bacterial cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
PUD risk factors - h plyori infection family history of ulcers living with close relatives with PUD Salicylates, NSAIDS, Corticosteroids
PUD diagnosed by blood test for antibodies breath test for urease (enzyme released by h plyori) endoscopy
drugs ending in -tidine histamine 2 receptor antagonist drugs
Histamine 2 receptor antagonistgs competitivley/reversibly bind to H2 receptors/block histamine related acid secretion decreases secretion of pepsin
pepsin can cause inflammation and peptic ulcers after chronic exposure (a digestive enzyme)
ranitidine 10 times more potent then cimetideine 8 hrs (cimetidine) 13 hrs (rantidine
8 hrs (cimetidine) 13 hrs (rantidine greater effect on decreasing nocturnal acid secretion
drug ending -prazole proton pump inhibitors
proton pump inhibitor MOA much more potent the histamine 2 blockers work by blocking the proton pump (H⁺/K⁺-ATPase) in stomach parietal cells, shutting down acid secretion. tablets are coated/should not be taken on empty stomach
Mucosal Protectants strengthen the protective lining (mucosa) of the stomach and small intestine. They reduce the ability of harmful agents—gastric acid, pepsin, and H. pylori bacteria—to injure the epithelial cells. By enhancing mucus and bicarbonate production
•Misoprostol (avoid in pregnancy) •Sucralfate Mucosal Protectants drugs
Prokinetic Drugs Used for the treatment of GERD and LPR: • Metoclopramide (Maxeran®, Metonia®) • Domperidone (Motilium®)
Prokinetic Drugs MOA • Enhance gastroduodenal coordination and boost peristalsis • Block dopamine receptors • Reduce nausea
Antacids The oldest drugs used for the treatment of GERD and PUD. •Neutralize gastric acids •Decrease pepsin secretion ending in -hydroxide and - carbonate
Antimicrobials Used in combination with a PPI, this treatment involves a mix of three or four drugs. Some regimens also include bismuth (Pepto-Bismol®).
These are antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which is the primary bacterial cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) •Clarithromycin •Metronidazole •Amoxicillin •Tetracycline
• Store injection at room temperature cimetidine
Store the injection in the refrigerator. famotidine ranitidine
warning label prokinetic drugs • May cause drowsiness • Avoid alcohol • Take 15 to 30 minutes before meals
Warning Labels:Antimicrobials • Avoid alcohol • May cause discoloration of urine or feces • Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight • Avoid dairy, antacids, and iron products
peristalsis gut motility. Prokinetic drugs functions by increasing gut motility The forceful wave of contractions in the esophagus that moves food from the mouth to the stomach
An important lifestyle modification for people with GERD or PUD is to Stop smoking
The primary cause of peptic ulcer diease (PUD) Bacteria
a symptom that is common to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is: Hunger pains
Created by: user-1991937
 

 



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