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AAQ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| part A | research method: accurately identify the research method used in the study. |
| what are the research methods | experiment, correlation, naturalistic observation, case study, meta-analysis |
| experiment | random assignment, variable manipulation |
| correlation | measuring relationship |
| naturalistic observation | watching behavior |
| case study | in-depth study of one person/group |
| meta-analysis | combination of results from multiple studies |
| how can you start part A | the research method used in the study was... |
| part B | operational definition: states a measurable or quantifiable definition of the identified variable as used in the study |
| how can you start part B | the operational definition of _____ is _______ |
| part C | statistic interpretation: accurately describes the identified statistic in relation to the study |
| what are the options for part C | mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, percentile rank, correlation coefficient, statistical significance, effect size |
| mean | statistical average |
| median | middle number of data in order |
| mode | data point appearing the most (most occuring number) |
| range | highest point minus the lowest point |
| standard deviation | how spread out the data points are. dispersion the number between each score |
| percentile rank | compares your score to others in your group (75% means you scored better than 75% of people) |
| correlation coefficient (Correlation does NOT prove causation.) | Statistical measure that describes the strength & direction of a relationship between 2 variables. -r value: closer to 1 (as 1 var. increases the other does too) or -1 (as 1 var. increases, the other decreases) the stronger it is. 0=no relationship |
| statistical significance | A statistical statement indicating the likelihood that a research study’s results occurred by chance. -Results r considered statistically significant when the probability of them occurring by chance is less than 5% (p < .05), not due by chance (reliable) |
| effect size | A measure of the strength or magnitude of a relationship or difference found in a research study -effect size tells u how large or meaningful the effect is. -Larger effect sizes indicate stronger relationships or differences (0.08 or greater) |
| how can you start part C | the _____ shows that _______ |
| part D | ethical guidelines: accurately identify at least one ethical guidelines applied by researchers in the study AND accurately describe one way the researchers in the study applied this ethical guideline |
| what are the ethical guidelines | use of Institutional Review Board (IRB), Informed consent, Informed assent, Protection from harm, Confidentiality, Debriefing (used for deception) |
| use of Institutional Review Board (IRB) | The study was approved by an IRB, which is when professionals in the field review the research design to ensure ethics were followed |
| Informed consent | The study obtained informed consent which is when the participants agreed to be in the study and knew they could back out at any time |
| Informed assents | The study obtained informed assent which is when the underage participants agreed to be in the study and knew they could back out at any time |
| Protection from harm | The researchers protected the participants from harm when they considered factors that might impose a difficulty for participants |
| confidentiality | Researchers maintained confidentiality when they ensured that the individual participants could not be identified from the data collected |
| debriefing | Researches debriefed participants by telling them what the true purpose of the study was about. |
| possible way to start part D | The researchers used ____ |
| part E | generalizability: Explains the extent to which the study is generalizable using specific and relevant evidence referencing participants from the study |
| what can you look at for part E | reference the population and whether the subjects were correctly sampled/ adequately representative of the population as a whole -gender, race, age the smaller the sample, the more likely it is not generaliable |
| how can you start part E | The study is (NOT) generalizable to _____ because _____ |
| examples for part E | -The study is gen. to both men & women bc both were used in the study -The study is gen. to older adults only bc that is the only group the researchers used in their study -The study is not gen. to men bc men had a small representation compared to women |
| part F | argumentation: Uses a specific result from the study to explain how the results support or refute the psychological concept or hypothesis presented in the question. the results are accurately interpreted |
| what do you do in part F | -accurately state and explain how the results supports or refutes the hypothesis -state the results (must be specifically mentioned in the study) |
| how can you start part F | The statement is refuted or supported because _______. The study shows ___ |
| example for part F | This study supports the hypothesis that there is a - correlation btween time spent watching TV and GPA bc as time spent watching TV went up, GPA went down. THe study shows that there is a - correlation. |