Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sade Mercer
Anatomy Week 13 - Digestion and Transporting Fats
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ingestion | food is taken in |
| Digestion | breakdown of complex nutrients into simple nutrients |
| Motility | physically breaks down large chunks of food material and moves food along the tract |
| Secretion | digestive enzyme secretion facilitates chemical digestion |
| Absorption | movement of nutrients through the GI mucosa into the internal environment |
| Elimination | excretion of material that is not absorbed |
| Regulation | coordination of the various functions of the digestive system |
| Mechanical Digestion | movements of the digestive tract - Breaks down ingested food, facilitating chemical digestion, Churn contents of the GI lumen to mix with digestive juices, ensure contact with the surface of the intestinal mucosa, facilitating absorption, move food along |
| Mastication (Mouth) | chewing movements - Reduces size of food particles, Mixes food with saliva in preparation for swallowing |
| Deglutition (Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus) | —process of swallowing; complex process requiring coordinated and rapid movements (Oral stage (mouth to oropharynx), Esophageal stage (esophagus to stomach), Pharyngeal stage (oropharynx to esophagus) |
| Peristalsis (Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, | wavelike ripple of the muscle layer of a hollow organ; progressive motility that produces forward movement of matter along the GI tract |
| Churning (Stomach) | forward and backward movement (propulsion and retropulsion) of gastric contents, mixing food with gastric juices to form chyme |
| Segmentation - Mixing contractions (Small intestine) | mixing movement; digestive reflexes cause a forward-and-backward movement with a single segment of the GI tract; helps break down food particles, mixes food and digestive juices, and brings digested food in contact with intestinal mucosa for absorption |
| Large intestine - Segmentation, Peristalsis (Colon) | mixing movement; digestive reflexes cause a forward-and-backward movement with a single segment of the GI tract; helps break down food particles, mixes food and digestive juices, and brings digested food in contact with intestinal mucosa for absorption |
| Mass Peristalsis (Descending colon) | wavelike ripple of the muscle layer of a hollow organ; progressive motility that produces forward movement of matter along the GI tract |
| Defecation (Rectum) | expulsion of feces from the digestive tract |
| Emulsification | disbursed into very small droplets |
| Chemical Digestion (Secretions) | all changes in chemical composition of food as it travels through the digestive tract |
| Saliva | secreted by salivary glands, Mucus lubricates food &, with water, facilitates mixing, Amylase enzyme that begins digestion of starches, Lingual lipase works at low pH, digest fats in stomach & upper duodenum, Sodium bicarb increase pH for amylase function |
| Gastric Juice | secreted by gastric glands, Pepsin (secreted as inactive pepsinogen by chief cells) a protease that begins digestion of proteins, Hydrochloric acid (HCl, secreted by parietal cells), HCl decreases the pH of chyme for activation and best function of pepsin |
| Pancreatic Juice | secreted by acinar duct cells of pancreas, Protease trypsin & chymotrypsin digest proteins & polypeptides, Lipase enzymes digest emuls. fat, Nuclease enzymes digest nucleic acids like DNA/RNA, Amylase digest starches, Na bicarb increase pH for enzyme func |
| Intestinal Enzymes | secreted by intestinal exocrine cells, Mucus and water lubricate and aid in continued mixing of chyme, Sodium bicarbonate increases pH for optimum enzyme function |
| Absorption | Passage of substances through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph, Most absorption occurs in the small intestine |
| Oral Stage | (mouth to oropharynx) voluntarily controlled; formation of a food bolus in the middle of the tongue; tongue presses bolus against the palate, and food is then moved into the oropharynx |
| Pharyngeal Stage | (oropharynx to esophagus) involuntary movement; to propel bolus from the pharynx to the esophagus, the mouth, nasopharynx, and larynx must be blocked; a combination of contractions and gravity move bolus into esophagus |
| Esophageal Stage | (esophagus to stomach) involuntary movement; contractions and gravity move bolus through esophagus and into stomach |
| Hydrolysis | process in which compound unites with water and breaks down further |
| Digestive Enzymes | protein catalysts, Operate in lumen of digestive tract, Are digestive enzymes, Specific in their action, Func at specific pH, Catalyze a chemical reaction in both directions, Continually destroyed/eliminated from the body, must continually be synthesized |
| Constipation | contents of the lower part of the colon and rectum move at a slower than normal rate; extra water is absorbed from the feces, resulting in a hardened stool |
| Diarrhea | result of increased motility of the small intestine, causing decreased absorption of water and electrolytes and a watery stool |
| Bile | secreted by the liver; stored and concentrated in the gallbladder |
Created by:
SadeMercer