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APES UNIT 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three plate boundaries | Divergent, Convergent, Transform |
| what are hot spots | stationary regions with upwelling magma over a moving plate. ex: Hawaiʻi |
| effects of plate tectonics | volcanoes, earthquakes, faults, |
| features of a divergent plate boundary | <--> magma from deep within the earth rises up at these locations, creates rift valleys |
| features of a convergent plate boundary | -><- , three types: ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, continent-continent |
| types of weathering | mechanical/physical (frost wedging, plant roots, freezing and thawing), chemical weathering (hydrolosis, carbonic acid and limestone, lichens, anthropogenic), & biological (lichen) |
| causes of soil degredation | compaction of soil by machines, humans, and lifestock, intensive agricultural use |
| causes of erosion | overgrazing, logging, agriculture, unmanaged construction activity |
| soil horizons | O, A, E, B, C, R |
| what soils are best suited for agriculture | loam soil (mixture of sand, silt, and clay) |
| features of el nino | Trade winds weaken. warm water is pushed east, toward USA west coast, and these warm waters cause the pacific jet stream to move south. northern us and canada are dryer and warmer, but usa gulf coast and southest have more rain/flooding. |
| features of la nina | trade winds extra strong, push warm water toward asia. pacific jet stream moves north. drought in southern us and heavy rain in northern us and canada. |
| does upwelling increase or decrease in la nina | it increases |
| does upwelling increase or decrease in el nino | it decreases |
| upwelling suppression economic impact | ruins fisheries |
| what happens when warm ocean currents flow from the tropic to higher latitudes? | the neighboring continents receive warm air (reason why uk has mild winters) |
| how do currents work? | they transport warm water, precipitation from the equator to the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics |
| rainfall is usually ____ near the the warmer parts of the ocean because ____ | heavier, the warm air can hold more moisture |
| when cold air moves over warm water | it can cause snow |
| water helps to ___ | moderate climate |
| equinox | the sun is directly overhead at the equator, nearly equal hours of day and night |
| solstice | winter solstice is shortest day of the year when the sun is at its lowest angle, summer solstice is the opposite |
| what are riparian zones | zones of vegetation adjacent to water. increase watershed storage capacity |
| effect of vegetation on watersheds | roots prevent erosion, increase infiltration, and contributes to the ability of soils to soak up water |
| In areas with highly permeable soils, flows _____ | increase and decrease more gradually before and after a rainfall |
| water retention is the opposite of | permeability |
| what soil type has the highest water retention | clay |
| what is the Coriolis effect | the deflection of the path of things not connected to the ground (winds, storms, aircraft) caused by the earth's rotation |
Created by:
user-1989135