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Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An emergency reaction that prepares the body for rapid action in critical situations | Fight-or-flight response |
| Protective caps at chromosome ends that degrade under prolonged stress, accelerating aging | Telomeres |
| An active strategy for facing stressors by confronting and managing them constructively | Rational Coping |
| Sources of ongoing demands that can accumulate to cause physical and emotional distress | Chronic Stressors |
| A technique that reduces threat perception by reinterpreting stress-inducing situations in a new light | Reframing |
| A process that equips individuals with cognitive strategies to manage future stressful encounters | Stress-inoculation training |
| A method focusing on the deliberate relaxation of muscle groups to ease bodily tension | Relaxation therapy |
| Steroid hormones, including cortisol, that can compromise immune function during stress | Glucocorticoids |
| A three-stage process depicting the body’s systemic response to any type of stress | General adaptation syndrome |
| The overall physical and psychological response triggered by internal or external stressors | Stress |
| Sustained exposure to stressors that can lead to wear and tear on the body over time | Chronic Stress |
| A condition of perceived discomfort due to spatial limitations that can be mitigated by having an escape option | Crowding Stress |
| An enzyme that helps rebuild telomeres, countering the effects of aging accelerated by stress | Telomerase |
| A complex network that defends the body from pathogens and can be weakened by chronic stress | Immune System |
| A method that gradually introduces stressors in a controlled way to reduce fear or anxiety | Exposure |
| An approach that involves recognizing the presence of a stressor without undue resistance | Acceptance |
| A technique that uses real-time monitoring of bodily functions to help individuals gain voluntary control over stress responses | Bio Feedback |
| A strategy that avoids confronting stress by suppressing thoughts and emotions linked to it | Repressive coping |
| Excessive focus on bodily symptoms accompanied by significant anxiety | Somatic symptom disorders features |
| Coordinated adaptive reactions to illness organized by the brain | Sickness response process |
| Mind-body interaction resulting in the production of illness | Psychosomatic illness explanation |
| Vagus nerve transmission from gut to brain | Cytokine activation pathway |
| Process of determining the presence of a disorder or disease | Diagnosis |
| Framework that explains abnormal psychological experiences with biological and environmental causes | Medical Model |
| Persistent disturbance in behavior, thoughts, or emotions causing significant distress or impairment | Mental Disorder |
| Classification system that describes symptoms used to diagnose mental disorders | DSM |
| Category of anxiety disorders marked by intense, irrational fears | Phobic Disorders |
| Explanation that mental disorders arise from interactions among biological, psychological, and social factors | Biopsychosocial Perspective |
| Theory that a predisposition remains latent until triggered by stress | Diathesis-Stress Model |
| Research project focusing on basic processes that underlie mental disorders rather than only symptoms | RDoC Initiative |
| Concepts addressing the origins of mental disorders including various models of explanation | Causation |
| Initiative aimed at revealing fundamental processes underlying mental disorders | Research Domain Criteria |
| A known pathological process affecting the body | Disease |
| A common set of signs and symptoms indicating a psychological condition | Disorder |
| False perceptual experiences with strong conviction | Hallucinations |
| Reactions that are markedly inappropriate for the situation | Grossly disorganized behavior |
| Firmly held false beliefs despite clear evidence to the contrary | Delusions |
| Severe disruption in verbal communication with rapid topic shifts | Disorganized speech |
| Disorders that have a mood disturbance as their predominant feature | Mood Disorders |
| A severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 or more weeks | Major Depressive Disorder |
| Less severe depression persisting for at least 2 years | Persistent depressive disorder |
| A condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood and low mood. | Bipolar disorder |
| Condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits and restricted/repetitive patters of behavior | Autism spectrum disorder |
| Numerous personality disorders exist such as: | Paranoid Borderline Narcissistic Dependent |
| A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood/early adolescence and continues into adulthood. | Antisocial personality disorder |
| Chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind | PTSD |
| Repetitive, intrusive thoughts, and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual's functioning | OCD |
| An interaction between a socially sanctioned clinician to provide support and/or relief from the problem | Psychotherapy |
| A from of psychotherapy that involves drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem | Eclectic psychotherapy |
| Assumes people are born with aggressive and sexual urges that are repressed during childhood | Psychoanalysis |
| Goal of helping the client become aware of his or her thoughts, behaviors, experience, and feelings and take responsibility for them. | Gestalt therapy |
| Treatment that involves inducing a brief seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain | Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
| Taken together, the many approaches to psychotherapy underscore how important _____ is/are to each of us. | Interpersonal relationships |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increase the level of serotonin in synapses by: | Blocking its reuptake. |
| The association between _____ has been found in large and rigorous studies of the general population. | Major stressors and later heart disease |
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