Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sociology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nature vs. Nurture | Ongoing discussion of the respective roles of gentics and socialization in determining individual behaviors and traits |
| Nature | Biological, Temperaments interests, and talents are set from birth |
| Nurture | Own personal interest, Relationship and careing that surround us created our sense of self |
| Socialization | Process through which people are taught to be proficient members of a society |
| Socialization fullfils 2 ends: | tecahes us the skill necessary to satisfy basic human needs and to defend themselves against danger and teaches individuals the norms, values, and beliefs associated with their culture and to adhere to a prescribed way of life |
| Socialization | Process through which people are taught to be proficient members of a society |
| Socialization fullfils 2 ends: | tecahes us the skill necessary to satisfy basic human needs and to defend themselves against danger and teaches individuals the norms, values, and beliefs associated with their culture and to adhere to a prescribed way of life |
| Social isolation | Methid of exploring the effectiveness of socialization |
| Cooley’s Looking Glass Self | The self develops through our perception of others evaluations and appraisals |
| Cooley’s three sense of parts | we imagine how we look to others 2) We imagine other people’s judgements of us 3) we experience some kind of feeling about ourselves based on our perception of other people's judgements |
| Goffman’s Dramaturgy | Approach by which social interaction is analyzed as if it were drama |
| Four stages of Goffman’s drama | Impression management, front stage, backstage, and border |
| Impression management | Effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation |
| Front stage | place where actor and audience coexist |
| Two necessities for a successful front stage role | Setting, manners, and appearance |
| Back Stage | Place for only the actor, only place you can actually be yourself |
| Border | Location between front stage and backstage (you have to know when to preform and when not to) |
| Social construction | The process by which a concept or practice is created and maintained by participants who collectively agree that it exists (Reality can be altered by like-minded movements) |
| Adult socialization | Resocialization |
| Resocialization | The process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as apart of a transition in life |
| total institution | institution in which individuals are cut off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled and regulated for the purpose of systematically stripping away previous roles and identities in order to create new ones |
| Status | Responsibilities and benefits a person experience according to their rank and role in society (a persons rank in society) |
| Status set | All statuses a person holds at one time (Son, brother, head of household, and employee) |
| Ascribed status | a social position one does not select |
| Achieved status | A social position a person takes on voluntarily and is achieved by choice |
| Master status | A status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a persons entire life |
| Auxiliary traits | Traits that an individual is expected to have biased on their master status (incredibly powerful) |
| Role | Patterns of behavior that we recognize in each other that are representative of a persons status. |
| Role set | A number of roles attached to a single status |
| Role conflict | conflict among roles connected to two or more statuses (multiple statuses 2 automatically defines conflict) |
| Role strain | tension among the roles connected to a single status (single status) |
| The sandwich generation | is a generation of people who is sandwiched between twp generations that require care (Kids and parents) |
| Role exit | the process in which people disengage from important and social roles (roles may continue to play a large part in determining your behavior |
| What are the steps of a role exit | People begin to doubt their ability to effectively execute a role, Think of different roles until they find a suitable alternative and become convinced they are doing their current role a disservice, and Leave role |
| Peer group | social group of people who are similar in age, satus, and intrest |
| Mass media | technologies that can transmit messages to large audiances |
| Emotions | “feelings” while purely inside a person, they are not without social direction |
| Triggers | culture tell us what biological emotion to enact at the time of a discrete event |
| Display | culture tell us when and how to display our emotion |
| Value | Culture tells us how we should mentally and physically deal with emotion (Not biological |
| Emotion management | the use of social cues to alter our emotional reactions |
| Deviance | Violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms (must cause a reaction to be deviant) |
| How deviance differs across time and culture | (Branding scarrification, and punishment) |
| Branding/Scarification | Process of idententionally scarring the skin to show decoration or affiliation |
| Underconformity | Not living up to the ideal of a society in a way that harms (cheating on spouce) |
| Overconformity | Exceeding normative expectations (people inside classrooms) |
| Positive deviance | Oversonformity that is positively evaluated (Goes above and beyond) |
| Rate busting | Over conformity that is negatively evaluated (Goes above and beyond but makes society a worse place) |
| Punishment | usually takes the form of denying important cultural ends |
| Social control | Regulation and enforcement of norms |
| Social order | Arrangement of practices and behaviors on which societys members base their dialy lives |
| What are the two different types of control | Informal and formal |
| Informal | Peers who admonish and punish deviance unofficially |
| Formal | Criminal justice sysytem- organizations that respond to alleges violations of the law |
| Foreground | deviants own in the moment of committing an act of deviance |
| 3 types of foregrounds | Shoplifers, robbers, and murders |
| 3 foundational beliefs of social understandings of deviance | deviance varies according to cultural norms, people become deviant as other people label them that way, and both norms and the way people define rule breaking involve social power |
| deviance varies according to cultural norms | No thought or action is inherently deviant |
| people become deviant as other people label them that way | Everybody is deviant |
| both norms and the way people define rule breaking involve social power | Things that are illegal for normal people to do are often allowable for powerful people |
| Theories of deviance | structural functional analysis and structural strain |
| Power elite | small group of wealthy and influential who hold power and resources and get to make rules to defend resources |
| Structural functional analysis | Deviance preforms four essential functions |
| 4 functions | Deviance affirms cultural values and norms, Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries, responding's to deviance brings people together, and deviance encourages social change |
| Structural strain | a community prescribes the same goals for all citizens however the structure of that community precludes some members of attaining these goals |
| Cultural prototype of success | Communities will have an idealized version of an indiviual who attained the prescribed goals in the prescribed way |
| Merton’s modes of adaptation | be able to pick which mode by relations to goals and means and what each mode is |
| Merton’s modes of adaptation | Conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion |
| Conformity | Those that accept the goals of the community and the socially acceptable routes to get there |
| Innovation | The goals of the community are internalized but the means used to get there are innovative |
| Ritualism | believes in the means but never wnats the goal |
| Restreatism | rejects everything |
| Rebellion | rejects but attemps to change society to agree with them |
| Ink 2, ShapeAmerican conundrum of sex | Sexuality is everywhere; Sex is the cornerstone for industry and sex causes a massive amount of consternation, confusion, anxiety, and fear due to this conundrum |
| The biological and social side of sex | Sex is a biolofical drive and biology is incapable of explaining dating and sex rituals |
| Missionary position | Alfred Kinsey found that most Americans report having sex in missionary position (people in other parts of the world never use this position) |
| Fetish | any object or non-genital part of the body that causes a habitual erotic responce or fixation |
| the categories of Fetish | Bondage (Being tied up) , pedophilia (human feet), tricophilia (human hair), somnophilia (sleeping people), pyrophilia (fire), and sadism (harm to others) |
| How sexual regulation came about in the us | Puritans imposed strict guidelines, death could have occured if sexuality is taken out of bounds |
| Conservative component | emphasizes tradition sexual norms |
| Progressive component | challenges traditional, rigid, and binary understanding |
| Sexual revolution | a period of time time when teh moral restriction regarding sex weakened |
| Know timeline for sexual revolution | 1920s: Roaring twenties due to urbanization 1930-1945: minds otherwise occupied 1945: sexual revolution actually starts |
| Know Alfred Kinsey’s role | (worlds first sexologist) wrote two books that became national bestsellers, Books revealed that americans were far more adventurous in the bedroom than we thought |
| Sexual counterrevolution | a period of time when moral and safety limitations become stronger |
| Effectiveness of counterrevolution | it was tough to say but at the time we have the first appearance od deadly STDs |
| Effectiveness of HIV | HIV becomes the scourge of the free love movement, populations that embodied free love were the most affected, Ryan White makes HIV a national concern |
| Madonna/Whore complex | Men see love as something only “good” women are worthy of and men see something only “bad” women are capable of |
| Prostitution | The selling of sexual services; 1 in 7 adult males report paying for sex at some time |
| Rates of prostitution | it is difficult to know how much money is made |
| Prostitution hierarchy | Streetwork, industrial prostitutes, and call girls (escorts) |
| Functions of prostitution | Prostitution serves to meet the needs of populations not capable of sexual activity through “normal” means |
| The dysfunction of protitution | Spread of disease and exploit women |
| Sexual orientation | Emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex |
| Health | A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being |
| Medicine | Social institution that focuses on fighting disease and improving health (The only component that is a matter of life or death) |
| Social epidemiology | Study of causes and distribution of diseases (Prevents you from being sick in the first place) |
| 4 ways culture has affected health | Cultural patterns define health, Cultural standers of health change over time, societies technologies affects peoples health, and social inequality affects peoples health |
| Cultural patterns define health | There is no person who is healthy |
| Cultural standers of health change over time | Graham crackers, women told not to go to college |
| societies technologies affects peoples health | Industrialization brings better health and potentially more lethal environment |
| social inequality affects peoples health | The rich have far better physical, mental, and enotional health than the poor |
| Gramcrackers | To morally and healthy make non existent sex drives |
| Compare two people | This is not possible because health is not possible/ not a scientific concept |
| Patterns of health based on social classification | Social class, age, gender, and race |
| Pre-modern era | Lifespan of 40 years |
| Agriculture | Food increases and inequality does as well |
| median age at dealth for poor counties | Africa- lifespan 50 |
| Poverty cycle of disease | Medicine can dramtically reduce dealth in developing nations |
| Industrializations role | brings better health |
| That account for 80% of improvement health | 1) better nutrition 2) improved sanitation 3) modern medicine |
| 4 conditions of American health that are harmful | Smoking, eating disorders, obesity, and STDs |
| Smoking History | became popular in the 20s, popularity peaked in the 60s—45% of US adults smoked, 2000s smoking is seen as a minor act of deviance—21% of US adult smoked in 2006 |
| Who smokes and how this is changing | Today is the most preventable cause of dealth in the US, men more liekly to smoke than women, rates of female smokers increase |
| Eating disorders | An intense form of dieting or other unhealthy method of weight control driven by the desire to be very thin and 95% of those suffering from a disorder are women |
| Obesity | Tied to other diseases, Leads directly to health problems and money expenditure, rates of this are reaching crisis proportions, the US will experience more health problems as a whole if this |
| Obesity Rates | 2/3 of US adults are overweight, 10-30 pounds overweight |
| Why the youth of the nation are important for obesity | 1-5 younger people in the US are already overweight |
| STDs | more than 50 types of this, associated with sin due to the moral under printing of sexual activity |
| Gonorrhea and Syphilis | AMoung the oldest known diseases, can result in sterility, blindness, death, 2006: 358,000 cases of gonorrhea and 10,000 cases of syphilis, easily treatable |
| Genital herpes | Fairly common virus 1-5 people in America, and not fatal to adults, but to infants |
| AIDS | Specific behaviors can lead to higher likelihood of acquiring HIV, Anal sex- causes rectal bleeding sharing needles- swapping of bodily fluids and use of any drug- decreases inhibitions, more likely to have unprotected sex |
Created by:
user-1983089