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Denice Miranda
Physiology Weeks 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What division of the ANS controls "rest and digest"? | The parasympathetic division |
| What is the primary function of red blood cells? | To transport oxygen using hemoglobin |
| Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? | In the alveoli |
| Which immune cells produce antibodies? | B-cells (plasma cells) |
| What is the main pacemaker of the heart? | The sinoatrial (SA) node |
| What glad regulates metabolism? | The Thyroid gland (T3 and T4) |
| What organ produces bile? | The liver |
| What is the function of the myelin sheath? | It speeds up nerve impulse conduction |
| What muscle drives inhalation? | The diaphragm |
| What does the spleen do? | Filters blood and removes old red blood cells |
| What hormone lowers blood glucose? | Insulin |
| What is peristalsis? | Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the GI tract |
| What protects the CNS from toxins and pathogens? | The blood-brain barrier (BBB) |
| What type of receptors detect pain? | Nociceptors |
| What is tidal volume? | The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing |
| What ion is essential for neurotransmitter release at the synapse? | Calcium (ca2+) |
| Which part of the brain controls autonomic functions like heart rate and respiration? | The medulla oblongata |
| What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? | The infundibulum |
| What type of immunity develops after exposure to a pathogen or vaccination? | Adaptive (specific) immunity |
| What hormone is released by the adrenal medulla during stress? | Epinephrine (adrenaline) |
| What is the function of alveolar surfactant? | Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse. |
| What is the name of the value between the left atrium and left ventricle? | The mitral (bicuspid) valve |
| Which white blood cells are the first responders to bacterial infection? | Neurtophilis |
| What digestive enzyme begins protein digestion in the stomach? | Pepsin |
| What structure transports lymph back into the bloodstream? | The thoracic duct |
| What does the AV node do? | Delays electrical impulses to allow the ventricles to fill |
| What gas is the main driver of the respiratory rate? | Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| Which endocrine gland regulates circadian rhythm? | The Pineal gland (melatonin) |
| What is the major site of nutrient absorption? | The small intestine (especially the jejunum) |
| Which nervous system division innervates skeletal muscles? | The somatic nervous system |
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